Manifestations of COVID-19 infection in children with malignancy: A single-center experience in Jordan

Table 1 Coronavirus disease 2019 disease severity score

Disease severity	Definition
Asymptomatic	No symptoms at all during the course of COVID-19
Mild disease	Symptoms that did not require hospital admission; if hospitalization was required, the indication was for a cause other than the management of COVID-19 associated symptoms or signs
Moderate disease	Symptoms that required inpatient management of COVID-19 associated symptoms, but without the need for PICU care
Severe disease	Symptoms that required PICU care for COVID-19 related signs and symptoms

COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; PICU: Pediatric intensive care unit.

Table 2 Characteristics of pediatric oncology patients with coronavirus disease 2019

Patient characteristics	Number	Percentage (%)
Sex
Male	24	60
Female	16	40
Age
1-6 yr	28	70
6-12 yr	5	12.5
12-14 yr	7	17.5
Primary disease
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia	30	75
Acute myeloid leukemia	2	5
Neuroblastoma	2	5
Rhabdomyosarcoma	2	5
CNS tumors	2	5
Hodgkin lymphoma	2	5

CNS: Central nervous system.

Table 3 Laboratory and radiological details for coronavirus disease 2019 in our oncology patients

Parameters	Numbers	Percentage (%)
WBC count
Leukopenia < 4000	16	40
Normal WBC count	20	50
Leukocytosis > 16000	4	10
Lymphocytes count
Lymphopenia	23	57.5
Normal count	17	42.5
Lymphocytosis	0	0
Neutrophil count
Severe neutropenia	10	25
Mild-Moderate neutropenia	10	25
Normal count	16	40
Neutrophilia	4	10
CRP titer
Negative < 6	3	7.5
Positive 6	37	92.5
D-Dimer
Positive	6	15
Negative	34	85
IgG level
< 700 mg/dL	9	22.5
> 700 mg/dL	31	77.5
Chest X-ray findings
Normal chest X-ray	18	45
Perihilar infiltrates	12	30
Bilateral patchy consolidation	10	25
High-resolution chest CT scan findings
Bilateral infiltration > 25%	8	20
Bilateral infiltration 25%-50%	2	5
Bilateral infiltration > 50%	0	0

CRP: C-reactive protein; CT: Computed tomography; IgG: Immunoglobulin G; WBC: White blood cell.

Table 4 Details of the clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 in oncology patients

Parameters	Number	Percentage
Presenting symptoms
Fever	24	60
Cough	15	37.5
Sore throat	3	7.5
Dyspnea	2	5
Diarrhea	2	5
Disease severity
Asymptomatic	10	25
Mild disease	20	50
Moderate disease	8	20
Severe disease	2	5
Place of care
Home isolation	12	30
COVID-19 ward	26	65
PICU	2	5
Treatment required
No treatment	10	25
IV antibiotic	24	60
Azithromycin	30	75
Vitamins	30	75
Dexamethasone	26	65
Oxygen support	4	10
CPAP	2	5
IVIG	9	22.5

COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; CPAP: Continuous positive airway pressure; IVIG: Intravenous immunoglobulin; PICU: Pediatric intensive care unit.