Expanding the liver donor pool worldwide with hepatitis C infected livers, is it the time?

Table 1 The estimated risk of hepatitis C virus transmission and sustained virologic response rate in hepatitis C virus negative liver transplantation recipients of hepatitis C virus viremic and non-viremic donors

Ref.	Study design	Study group	Post LT viremia n/N (%)	SVR12	Time from transplant to start of DAA (d)
Luckett et al[38], 2019	Prospective	55 HCV non-viremic candidates received HCV Ab+/NAT- LT, including 6 SLKT	5/53 (9)	4/5 SVR12	NA
Kwong et al[49], 2019	Single-center, retrospective	10 HCV non-viremic candidates received HCV NAT+ LT	10/10 (100)	10/10 SVR12	Median 43 (IQR 20–59)
Ting et al[50], 2019	Single-center, retrospective	6 seronegative candidates received HCV NAT+ LT, including 2 SLKT	6/6 (100)	3/6 SVR12	Median 37 (range 9-74)
				1/6 completed DAA
				2/6 ongoing DDA
Bethea et al[51], 2020	Single-center, prospective	14 HCV negative recipients, including 4 SLKT:
		9 received HCV NAT+ LT	9/9 (100)	9 SVR12	Range 0-29
		5 received HCV Ab+/NAT- LT	1/5 (20)	NA
Kapila et al[52], 2020	Single-center, retrospective	26 HCV negative recipients:
		20 received HCV NAT+ LT	20/20 (100)	11/20 SVR12	Median 51 (range 19-121)
				3/20 completed DAA
				5/20 ongoing DAA
				1/20 pending insurance approval
		6 received HCV Ab+/NAT- LT	2/5 (40)	1/5 SVR12
				1/5 ongoing DAA
Anwar et al[34], 2020	Single-center, prospective, matched cohort trial	32 NAT- recipients received HCV NAT+ LT, including 7 SLKT	31/31 (100)	19/30 SVR12	Median 47 (IQR 18-140)
				6/30 ETR
				5/30 ongoing DAA
				1/30 is yet to start treatment
Crismale et al[33], 2020	Single-center prospective observational	19 HCV negative recipients, including 4 SLKT:
		13 received HCV NAT+ LT	13/13 (100)	12/13 SVR12	Median 42 (IQR 35-118)
		6 received HCV Ab+/NAT- LT	0/6 (0)
Aqel et al[32], 2021	Multicenter, prospective study	34 HCV negative recipients, including 6 SLKT:			Median 27.5
		20 received HCV NAT+ LT	20/20 (100)	20/20 SVR12
		14 received HCV Ab+/NAT- LT	0/14 (0)
Sobotka et al[37], 2021	Single-center, retrospective	42 HCV-seronegative recipients:
		21 received HCV NAT+ LT	20/21 (95)	15/15 (patients with data) SVR12	Mean 38
		21 received HCV Ab+/NAT- LT, including 1 SLKT	2/21 (9.5)	2/2 SVR12
Bohorquez et al[53], 2021	Single-center, retrospective, case-control study	61 HCV negative recipients, including 3 SLKT, received HCV NAT+ LT	60/61 (98.3)	51/56 SVR12	Median 66.9 (IQR, 36-68.5)
				5/56 ongoing DDA when study published
Hudson et al[36], 2021	Single-center, retrospective	18 HCV negative recipients, including received HCV NAT+ LT	18/18 (100)	18/18 SVR12	mean ± SD, 48 ± 23
Terrault et al[15], 2021	Multicenter (6 US centers), prospective study	13 HCV non-viremic candidates received HCV NAT+ LT	13/13 (100)	13/13 SVR12	Median 7 (IQR 6-12)
Nair et al[104], 2021	Retrospective cohort	23 HCV negative recipients received an HCV Ab+/NAT+ LT	23/23 (100)	23/23 SVR12	Median 118 (IQR 46-129)
Bova et al[35], 2022	Single-center, retrospective	29 HCV-negative recipients received HCV-viremic or HCV-seropositive LT, including 4 SLKT	29/29 (100)	NA	Median 29 (range 0-84)

Ab+: Antibody positive; DDA: Direct acting antiviral; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; IQR: Interquartile range; LT: Liver transplantation; NA: Not applicable; NAT-: Non-viremic; NAT+: Viremic; SLKT: Simultaneous liver kidney transplant; SVR12: Sustained virologic response at 12 wk post-treatment.