Systematic Reviews
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Transplant. Aug 18, 2022; 12(8): 268-280
Published online Aug 18, 2022. doi: 10.5500/wjt.v12.i8.268
Table 1 Study details
Ref.Localization of PTLDTime from transplant to PTLD (yr)Classification
Monomorphic
Polymorphic
Wozniak et al[17]Small bowel: 9/197.49/1910/19
Colorectal: 3/19
Liver: 2/19
Koo et al[14]Small bowel: 11/122.71/128/12
Colorectal: 1/12
Khedmat et al[13]Stomach + small bowel: 13/454.123/3913/39
Stomach + pancreas: 3/45
Stomach + liver: 7/45
Stomach: 56/472
Khedmat et al[16]Colorectal + liver: 10/734.136/5718/57
Colorectal + small bowel: 22/73
Colorectal + stomach: 2/73
Colorectal: 81/563
Cruz Jr et al[15]Colorectal: 6/177.213/173/17
Small bowel: 11/17
Ganne et al[18]Small bowel: 1/84.80/22/2
Stomach: 1/8
Table 2 Study details regarding gastrointestinal post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder
Ref.
Noted findings regarding GI-PTLD
Plummer et al[11]PTLD presentation is non-specific. Prognosis is variable dependent on burden of disease, age at the time of diagnosis, and morphological subtype
Small et al[7]EBV infection is crucial in the pathophysiology of PTLD. EBV+ patients are more likely to respond to RIS. Chemotherapy can be utilized after RIS if RIS appears unsuccessful
Dako et al[12]Imaging of PTLD involving GI tract is variable. Imaging of PTLD may appear as a large mass, luminal ulceration, intussusception, or soft tissue nodules
Wozniak et al[17]Risk of acute cellular rejection increased when treatment for PTLD occurred. Notable risk factors for PTLD include chronic immunosuppression, viral infection, and increased time from transplantation
Koo et al[14]Incidence rate of PTLD after small bowel transplantation was up to 50%
Khedmat et al[13]Clinical presentation of PTLD is nonspecific. Early treatment with RIS, rituximab, chemotherapy, or surgical therapy, if indicated, can decrease mortality rates
Khedmat et al[16]Patients with PTLD and colorectal symptoms were noted to have a higher risk of metastatic disease. Colorectal PTLD may occur more frequently and may be more aggressive in men compared to women. Multi-organ failure may be more common in men compared to women if there is colorectal PTLD
Cruz Jr et al[15]Surgical intervention uncommonly required for PTLD. Most common surgical need is for intestinal obstruction
Ganne et al[18]PTLD was found to respond to rituximab irrespective of EBV status. Patients with higher EBV titers usually benefited from combination RIS, rituximab, and CHOP therapy. EBV-specific donor cytotoxic lymphocyte infusions may be effective but may lead to graft rejection. GI bleeding may be a presenting feature of disease