Impact of immunosuppression on incidence of post-transplant diabetes mellitus in solid organ transplant recipients: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 1 Incidence of post-transplant diabetes mellitus stratified by organ transplanted at various time points

Organ	Year	Number of studies	Incidence (%)	95%CI	I2 (%)
Liver	Year 1	7	12.3	5.6-24.8	89.3
Liver	Years 2-3	16	18.9	14.2-24.7	94.4
Liver	Years 5+	5	9.0	2.9-24.5	95.0
Kidney	Year 1	108	12.2	10.5-14.1	95.3
Kidney	Years 2-3	73	17.3	15.1-19.7	98.2
Kidney	Years 5+	71	16.3	13.9-19	93.2
Heart	Year 1	3	29.3	9.5-62	84.9
Heart	Years 2-3	10	22.4	17.1-28.8	93.6
Heart	Years 5+	2	17.7	14.1-22	0.0
Lung	Year 1	3	6.4	0.9-34	92.8
Lung	Years 2-3	5	18.8	8.6-36.3	96.8
Lung	Years 5+	0	N/A		N/A

Incidence of post-transplant diabetes mellitus by organ transplanted and year. Number of studies, incidence, 95%CI and I² by organ and year.

Table 2 Most commonly reported predictors for developing post-transplant diabetes mellitus

Predictor	n	Fraction
African-American	59	27/59
Age	56	51/56
BMI	43	39/43
Tac use	31	24/31
HCV	20	15/20
BPAR	13	10/13
Male	11	4/11
Family history of diabetes	7	6/7
Pre transplant triglycerides	7	7/7
Pre transplant impaired fasting glucose	6	6/6
CMV infection	5	2/5
Proteinuria at post-operative day 5	3	3/3
Number of rejections	3	2/3
Triglyceride lipid increase	2	2/2
HLA mismatch	2	0/2
HBV	1	1/1
Non-Caucasian	1	1/1
Cystic fibrosis	1	1/1
Cadaveric donor	1	1/1

BMI: Body mass index; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; BPAR: Biopsy proven acute rejection; CMV: Cytomegalovirus; HLA: Human leukocyte antigen; HBV: Hepatitis B virus.