Incidence, risk factors and clinical outcome of multidrug-resistant organisms after heart transplantation

Figure 1 Multidrug-resistant organism carriage and bacteremia in heart transplantation patients (n = 98). Transplanted patients with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs): Acinetobacter baumannii was the most prevalent MDRO, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. MDRO acquisition: Half of the patients with Acinetobacter and a single patient with Pseudomonas were already colonized pre-transplantation, while most Pseudomonas strains and all Klebsiella strains were intensive care unit acquired. MDRO bacteremia was noted in about a third of Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas carriers. Four cases of MDRO bacteremia were donor-acquired (the donor was subsequently found to have been bacteremic at the time of organ procurement). All MDRO bacteremias were due to Gram-negative pathogens. MDRO: Multidrug-resistant organism.

Figure 2 Post-transplantation 1-year survival according to multidrug-resistant organism status. 1-year survival was 72% in heart transplant recipients with multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) presence (MDRO+) vs 92% in MDRO-free (MDRO-) recipients (P < 0.01). MDRO: Multidrug-resistant organism.