Islet transplantation-immunological challenges and current perspectives

Figure 1 Techniques for improving graft survival. A: Islet cell encapsulation (after isolation of islets by density gradient centrifugation), islets are capsuled with different hydrogel types to obtain various sizes of capsules. Then the capsules are transplanted into the body; B: Mesenchymal stem cells modulate graft and immune responses and support the islet cell survival after transplantation. Parts of the figure were drawn using pictures from Servier Medical Art. Servier Medical Art by Servier is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by/3.0/).