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©2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
World J Rheumatol. Nov 12, 2014; 4(3): 80-87
Published online Nov 12, 2014. doi: 10.5499/wjr.v4.i3.80
Published online Nov 12, 2014. doi: 10.5499/wjr.v4.i3.80
Table 1 Similarities between periodontal structures and articular joint
Supporting periodontal structures | Articular joint |
Periodontal structures comprise of cementum, alveolar bone, periodontal ligament, gingival crevicular fluid and gingiva | Articular joints comprise of articular cartilage, bone, ligaments, synovial cavity, synovial fluid, and synovial capsule |
Cementum is an avascular tissue | Articular cartilage is an avascular tissue |
Periodontal ligament is a thin connective tissue that surrounds the root connecting it to the alveolar bone | Synovial tissue is a thin layer of connective tissue. It consists primarily of two cell types- type A synoviocytes (macrophage derived) and type B synoviocyte (fibroblast derived) |
Periodontal ligament is collagenous and consists of epithelial rests of malassez, fibroblasts, osteoblasts and ground substances (hyaluronic acid and proteoglycans-fibronectin and laminin) | Synovial fibroblasts are the most abundant and produce the structural components of the joints including collagen, fibronectin and laminin |
Gingival crevicular fluid is an infiltrate of blood | Synovial fluid is an infiltrate of blood |
Table 2 Similarities in pathogenesis periodontal disease and rheumatoid arthritis
PD | RA |
Chronic immunoinflammatory disease | Chronic immunoinflammatory disease |
Periodontal pathogen is the main etiological agent with some element of autoimmunity | Bacteria/peptide as an adjunct antigen in autoantibody production |
HLA-DR antigen association | HLA-DR antigen association |
Inflammatory infiltrate mainly consists of B cells, plasma cells, PMN, T cell, dendritic cell, and macrophages | Inflammatory infiltrate consists of T cell, B cell, plasma cell, dendritic cell, mast cell, macrophages, and few granulocytes |
Increases level of IL-1, TNF-α, PGE2, MMPs, NF-κB, RANK/RANKL/OPG, osteoclast activation | Increases level of IL-1, TNF-α, PGE2, MMPs NF-ĸβ, RANK/RANKL/OPG, osteoclast activation |
Th1, ↑ ed Th2 and Th 17 | Th1 = Th2 and Th 17 |
Role of nitric oxide | Role of nitric oxide |
Genetic and environmental influences | Genetic and environmental influences |
Bacterial DNA of anaerobes and high antibody titres against heat shock protein of P.gingivalis, P. Melanogenicus and P. Intermedia[95] | Bacterial DNA of anaerobes and high antibody titres against heat shock protein of P. gingivalis, P. Melanogenicus and P. Intermedia[95] |
- Citation: Joseph R, Raj MJ, Sundareswaran S, Kaushik PC, Nagrale AV, Jose S, Rajappan S. Does a biological link exist between periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis? World J Rheumatol 2014; 4(3): 80-87
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3214/full/v4/i3/80.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5499/wjr.v4.i3.80