Minireviews
Copyright ©2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
World J Rheumatol. Nov 12, 2014; 4(3): 80-87
Published online Nov 12, 2014. doi: 10.5499/wjr.v4.i3.80
Table 1 Similarities between periodontal structures and articular joint
Supporting periodontal structuresArticular joint
Periodontal structures comprise of cementum, alveolar bone, periodontal ligament, gingival crevicular fluid and gingivaArticular joints comprise of articular cartilage, bone, ligaments, synovial cavity, synovial fluid, and synovial capsule
Cementum is an avascular tissueArticular cartilage is an avascular tissue
Periodontal ligament is a thin connective tissue that surrounds the root connecting it to the alveolar boneSynovial tissue is a thin layer of connective tissue. It consists primarily of two cell types- type A synoviocytes (macrophage derived) and type B synoviocyte (fibroblast derived)
Periodontal ligament is collagenous and consists of epithelial rests of malassez, fibroblasts, osteoblasts and ground substances (hyaluronic acid and proteoglycans-fibronectin and laminin)Synovial fibroblasts are the most abundant and produce the structural components of the joints including collagen, fibronectin and laminin
Gingival crevicular fluid is an infiltrate of bloodSynovial fluid is an infiltrate of blood
Table 2 Similarities in pathogenesis periodontal disease and rheumatoid arthritis
PDRA
Chronic immunoinflammatory diseaseChronic immunoinflammatory disease
Periodontal pathogen is the main etiological agent with some element of autoimmunityBacteria/peptide as an adjunct antigen in autoantibody production
HLA-DR antigen associationHLA-DR antigen association
Inflammatory infiltrate mainly consists of B cells, plasma cells, PMN, T cell, dendritic cell, and macrophagesInflammatory infiltrate consists of T cell, B cell, plasma cell, dendritic cell, mast cell, macrophages, and few granulocytes
Increases level of IL-1, TNF-α, PGE2, MMPs, NF-κB, RANK/RANKL/OPG, osteoclast activationIncreases level of IL-1, TNF-α, PGE2, MMPs NF-ĸβ, RANK/RANKL/OPG, osteoclast activation
Th1, ↑ ed Th2 and Th 17Th1 = Th2 and Th 17
Role of nitric oxideRole of nitric oxide
Genetic and environmental influencesGenetic and environmental influences
Bacterial DNA of anaerobes and high antibody titres against heat shock protein of P.gingivalis, P. Melanogenicus and P. Intermedia[95]Bacterial DNA of anaerobes and high antibody titres against heat shock protein of P. gingivalis, P. Melanogenicus and P. Intermedia[95]