Factors associated with tobacco, alcohol, and other drug use among youth living in West Central Mexico

Table 1 Drug and substance use by high school students in Jalisco, Mexico (n = 2816)

Prevalence	Tobacco use		Binge drinking		Marijuana		Cocaine		Any illegal
	n	%	n	%	n	%	No.	%	n	%
Never	1564	55.77	1590	57.03	2596	92.48	2611	92.50	2517	89.47
Past year	556	20.21	984	35.01	129	4.41	127	4.84	191	6.83
Former	696	24.02	242	7.96	91	3.11	78	2.66	108	3.70

Table 2 Cross-tabulation of past-year tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drug use by socio-demographic characteristics and drug use screening inventory problem areas (n = 2816)

Variables	Total (n %)	Past year smoking (n %)			Past year alcohol use (n %)			Past year illicit drug use (n %)
		No	Yes	P value	No	Yes	P value	No	Yes	P value
Total	2816 (100)	2260 (79.8)	556 (20.2)	n/a	1832 (65.0)	984 (35.0)	n/a	2721 (96.6)	191 (6.8)	n/a
Age (yr)
>16	2358 (83.7)	1875 (79.2)	483 (20.8)	0.112	1482 (62.8)	876 (37.2)	< 0.001	2183 (92.5)	175 (7.5)	0.005
≤ 16	458 (16.3)	385 (82.8)	73 (17.2)		350 (76.1)	108 (23.9)		442 (96.3)	16 (3.7)
Gender
Female	1460 (52.0)	1223 (83.7)	237 (16.3)	< 0.001	1050 (71.8)	410 (28.2)	< 0.001	1413 (96.8)	47 (3.2)	< 0.001
Male	1356 (48.0)	1037 (75.5)	319 (24.5)		782 (57.6)	574 (42.4)		1212 (89.3)	144 (10.7)
Employment
Not working	1937 (69.5)	1590 (81.5)	347 (18.5)	0.013	1279 (65.9)	658 (34.1)	0.097	1828 (94.2)	109 (5.8)	0.01
Employed	879 (30.5)	670 (75.9)	209 (24.1)		553 (62.9)	326 (37.1)		797 (90.7)	86 (9.3)
Behavioral pattern
No problem	622 (22.5)	558 (89.6)	64 (10.4)	< 0.001	497 (79.5)	125 (19.5)	< 0.001	607 (98.0)	15 (2.0)	< 0.001
Low	1651 (58.2)	1341 (81.0)	310 (19.0)		1094 (66.3)	557 (33.7)		1556 (94.1)	95 (5.9)
High	543 (19.3)	361 (64.7)	182 (35.3)		241 (44.2)	302 (55.8)		462 (84.8)	81 (15.2)
Psychiatric disorder
No problem	564 (19.9)	471 (83.4)	93 (16.6)	0.002	403 (71.6)	161 (28.4)	< 0.001	534 (94.7)	30 (5.3)	0.104
Low	1692 (60.1)	1377 (80.9)	315 (19.1)		1122 (65.9)	570 (34.1)		1585 (93.6)	107 (6.4)
High	560 (20.0)	412 (72.9)	148 (27.1)		307 (55.8)	253 (44.2)		506 (90.4)	54 (9.6)
Social competence
No problem	565 (19.8)	463 (81.2)	102 (18.8)	0.44	364 (65.1)	201 (35.0)	0.016	525 (92.9)	40 (7.1)	0.741
Low	1683 (60.2)	1339 (79.2)	344 (20.8)		1074 (63.5)	609 (36.5)		1567 (93.1)	116 (6.9)
High	568 (20.0)	458 (80.0)	110 (20.0)		394 (69.3)	174 (30.7)		533 (93.7)	35 (6.3)
Family system
No problem	574 (20.3)	510 (88.4)	64 (11.6)	< 0.001	474 (83.6)	100 (16.4)	< 0.001	560 (97.8)	14 (2.2)	< 0.001
Low	1676 (60.0)	1352 (80.2)	324 (19.8)		1083 (63.9)	593 (36.1)		1570 (93.6)	106 (6.5)
High	566 (19.7)	398 (69.8)	168 (30.2)		275 (49.0)	291 (51.0)		495 (87.2)	71 (12.8)
School adjustment
No problem	824 (29.3)	747 (90.2)	77 (9.8)	0.001	659 (80.1)	165 (19.9)	< 0.001	805 (98.1)	19 (1.9)	< 0.001
Low	1425 (50.7)	1161 (81.1)	264 (18.9)		946 (66.2)	479 (33.8)		1364 (95.5)	61 (4.5)
High	567 (20.0)	352 (61.2)	215 (38.8)		227 (39.7)	340 (60.3)		456 (80.1)	111 (19.9)
Peer relationship
No problem	596 (21.4)	543(91.2)	53 (8.8)	< 0.001	481 (81.3)	115 (18.7)	< 0.001	592 (99.3)	4 (0.7)	< 0.001
Low	1656 (58.5)	1340 (80.3)	316 (19.7)		1089 (65.5)	567 (34.5)		1581 (95.5)	75 (4.5)
High	564 (20.1)	377 (66.3)	187 (33.7)		262 (46.2)	302 (53.8)		452 (79.8)	112 (20.2)
Leisure/recreation
No problem	573 (19.9)	511 (88.6)	62 (11.4)	< 0.001	452 (80.3)	121 (19.7)	< 0.001	560 (98.3)	13 (1.7)	< 0.001
Low	1677 (60.2)	1362 (80.6)	315 (19.4)		1112 (65.8)	565 (34.2)		1571 (93.4)	106 (6.7)
High	566 (19.9)	387 (68.4)	179 (31.6)		268 (47.2)	298 (52.8)		494 (87.5)	72 (12.5)

Table 3 Association of past year tobacco, alcohol, illicit drug use and drug use screening inventory-RM domains among high school students in the State of Jalisco, Mexico (n = 2816)

Variables	Past year smoking				Past year alcohol use				Past year illicit drug use
	aOR	95%CI		P value	aOR	95%CI		P value	aOR	95%CI		P value
Age (yr)
>16	1.00	Reference			1.00	Reference			1.00	Reference
≤ 16	0.94	0.70	1.24	0.628	0.56	0.46	0.69	< 0.001	0.56	0.34	0.90	0.020
Gender
Female	1.00	Reference			1.00	Reference			1.00	Reference
Male	1.26	0.93	1.72	0.127	1.61	1.36	1.91	< 0.001	2.28	1.44	3.61	0.001
Employment
Not working	1.00	Reference			1.00	Reference			1.00	Reference
Employed	1.14	0.83	1.56	0.412	0.81	0.66	1.01	0.058	1.03	0.73	1.46	0.870
Behavioral pattern
No problem	1.00	Reference			1.00	Reference			1.00	Reference
Low	1.63	1.21	2.19	0.002	1.43	1.09	1.88	0.012	2.04	1.03	4.02	0.040
High	2.62	1.91	3.59	< 0.001	2.34	1.72	3.18	< 0.001	3.11	1.51	6.40	0.004
Psychiatric disorder
No problem	1.00	Reference			1.00	Reference			1.00	Reference
Low	0.79	0.63	0.99	0.045	0.84	0.71	1.01	0.063	0.60	0.24	1.46	0.244
High	0.89	0.66	1.22	0.458	0.88	0.67	1.15	0.329	0.58	0.23	1.45	0.230
Social competence
No problem	1.00	Reference			1.00	Reference			1.00	Reference
Low	1.86	1.45	2.40	< 0.001	1.83	1.47	2.27	< 0.001	1.65	1.09	2.49	0.019
High	3.00	2.26	3.98	< 0.001	2.40	1.87	3.06	< 0.001	2.93	1.53	5.65	0.003
Family system
No problem	1.00	Reference			1.00	Reference			1.00	Reference
Low	1.23	0.91	1.65	0.168	2.01	1.60	2.53	< 0.001	1.70	0.91	3.16	0.092
High	1.53	1.04	2.24	0.031	2.75	2.16	3.50	< 0.001	2.29	1.29	4.06	0.007
School adjustment
No problem	1.00	Reference			1.00	Reference			1.00	Reference
Low	1.80	1.18	2.74	0.008	1.57	1.18	2.10	0.004	1.54	0.63	3.78	0.326
High	3.51	2.25	5.45	< 0.001	3.25	2.30	4.58	< 0.001	4.77	1.65	13.78	0.006
Peer relationship
No problem	1.00	Reference			1.00	Reference			1.00	Reference
Low	1.90	1.41	2.56	< 0.001	1.54	1.19	1.99	0.002	3.82	1.09	13.43	0.038
High	2.47	1.70	3.61	< 0.001	2.01	1.49	2.71	< 0.001	11.53	2.80	47.44	0.002
Leisure/recreation
No problem	1.00	Reference			1.00	Reference			1.00	Reference
Low	1.37	0.89	2.12	0.140	1.53	1.22	1.92	0.001	2.35	1.17	4.70	0.018
High	1.72	1.15	2.59	0.011	2.12	1.48	3.05	< 0.001	2.43	1.21	4.87	0.015

All estimates were obtained accommodating the complex sample design. aOR: Adjusted odds ratio.