Role of astrocytic glutamate transporter in alcohol use disorder

Table 1 Modulators of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 expression and/or function

Compound	Demonstrated effect on EAAT2	Process/pathway	Ref.
17β-estradiol	Increased expression	Activation of both NF-κB and CREB	Lee et al[142]
cAMP/bromo-cAMP/dB-cAMP	Increased expression	PKA pathway, PI-3K and NF-κB	Su et al[115]
Ceftriaxone	Increased expression	Conventional NF-κB activation	Lee et al[146]; Rothestein et al[143]
EGF	Increased expression	Non-canonical NF-κB activation	Zelenaia et al[144]
PACAP	Increased expression	PKA and PKC activation	Figiel et al[139]
Parawixin1	Increased transport speed	Allosteric enhancement of receptor function	Fontana et al[133]
Raloxifene	Increased expression	Activation of both NF-κB and CREB	Karki et al[135]
Riluzole	Increased expression and activity	Multiple pathways, mediated by estrogen receptors and HSF1	Karki et al[135]; Liu et al[137]
Tamoxifen	Increased expression	Activation of both NF-κB and CREB	Karki et al[141]
TGF-α	Increased expression	Tyrosine Kinase activation	Lee et al[136]; Su et al[115]
TNFα	Decreased expression	Co-activation of NF-κB and N-myc	Sitcheran et al[145]

Listed in this table are agents that have been demonstrated to affect EAAT2 expression and/or function, and their mechanism of action. EAAT2: Excitatory amino acid transporter 2; cAMP: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate; CREB: cAMP response element-binding protein; NF-κB: Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; PI-3K: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PKA: Protein kinase A; EGF: Epidermal growth factor; PACAP: Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide; TGF-α: Transforming growth factor alpha; TNFα: Tumor necrosis factor alpha.