Exercise rehabilitation based on medical care-family integration in older patients with chronic heart failure and psychological problems

Table 1 Comparison of general data between the two groups, n (%)

Category	Conventional rehabilitation group (n = 56)	Exercise rehabilitation group (n = 62)	t/χ2/Z	P value
Sex			0.969	0.325
Female	22 (39.29)	19 (29.69)
Male	34 (60.71)	43 (67.19)
Age (years)	68.66 ± 3.18	69.34 ± 3.61	1.076	0.284
BMI (kg/m2)	26.02 ± 3.07	26.69 ± 3.40	1.120	0.265
Course of disease (years)	4.05 ± 1.04	3.82 ± 1.00	1.222	0.224
Marital status			0.794	0.373
Divorced/widowed	9 (16.07)	14 (22.58)
Married	47 (83.93)	48 (77.42)
Education level			1.110	0.292
Below high school	42 (75.00)	41 (66.13)
High school and above	14 (25.00)	21 (33.87)
New York Heart Association cardiac function classification			0.357	0.550
Grade Ⅱ	35 (62.50)	42 (67.74)
Grade Ⅲ	21 (37.50)	20 (32.26)
Smoking			0.355	0.552
No	11 (19.64)	15 (24.19)
Yes	45 (80.36)	47 (75.81)
Drinking			0.921	0.337
No	15 (26.79)	12 (19.35)
Yes	41 (73.21)	50 (80.65)
Hypertension			0.088	0.767
No	25 (44.64)	26 (41.94)
Yes	31 (55.36)	36 (58.06)
Diabetes			0.945	0.331
No	33 (58.93)	31 (50.00)
Yes	23 (41.07)	31 (50.00)

BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 Distribution of sleep disorders in the two groups, n (%)

	No sleep disorder		May have insomnia		Have insomnia
	Before intervention	After intervention	Before intervention	After intervention	Before intervention	After intervention
Conventional rehabilitation group (n = 56)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	56 (100.00)	56 (100.00)
Exercise rehabilitation group (n = 62)	0 (0.00)	4 (6.45)	0 (0.00)	20 (32.26)	62 (100.00)	38 (61.29)
Z						-4.818
P value						< 0.001

Table 3 Comparison of depression, anxiety, and sleep disorder scores between the two groups

Items		Conventional rehabilitation group (n = 56)	Exercise rehabilitation group (n = 62)	t/Z	P value
PHQ-9 score	Before intervention	14 (11, 16)	12.5 (10, 15.25)	0.620	0.535
	After intervention	12 (10, 13)a	7 (5, 9)a	8.403	< 0.001
GAD-7 score	Before intervention	9.5 (9, 13)	11 (8, 12)	0.442	0.658
	After intervention	9 (8, 10)a	6 (5, 7)a	8.199	< 0.001
AIS score	Before intervention	14.79 ± 2.61	13.82 ± 3.09	1.191	0.236
	After intervention	15.34 ± 2.44a	7.15 ± 2.30a	13.379	< 0.001

^aP < 0.05 vs before intervention.

GAD-7: Generalized anxiety disorder-7; PHQ-9: 9-item patient health questionnaire; AIS: Athens insomnia scale.

Table 4 Comparison of cardiac function-related indices between the two groups

Items		Conventional rehabilitation group (n = 56)	Exercise rehabilitation group (n = 62)	t	P value
6 MWD (m)	Before intervention	312.78 ± 41.19	316.32 ± 43.69	0.452	0.652
	After intervention	333.49 ± 55.42a	389.38 ± 42.74a	6.167	< 0.001
NT-proBNP (ng/L)	Before intervention	498.41 ± 54.71	496.94 ± 68.89	0.130	0.897
	After intervention	490.55 ± 58.49	391.44 ± 48.26a	10.075	< 0.001
LVEF (%)	Before intervention	39.43 ± 3.64	40.15 ± 4.04	1.008	0.315
	After intervention	40.61 ± 4.98a	46.47 ± 5.36a	6.139	< 0.001
LVEDD (mm)	Before intervention	55.66 ± 5.31	54.37 ± 4.42	1.439	0.153
	After intervention	53.96 ± 5.10a	49.31 ± 4.56a	5.234	< 0.001

^aP < 0.05 vs before intervention.

6 MWD: 6-min walking distance; NT-proBNP: N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide; LVEDD: Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction.

Table 5 Comparison of quality of life between the two groups

Items		Conventional rehabilitation group (n = 56)	Exercise rehabilitation group (n = 62)	t	P value
Physical field	Before intervention	25.96 ± 5.20	26.85 ± 5.08	0.940	0.349
	After intervention	24.16 ± 4.99a	19.47 ± 4.72a	5.246	< 0.001
Emotional field	Before intervention	14.71 ± 3.21	14.29 ± 2.80	0.767	0.444
	After intervention	13.89 ± 3.40a	7.97 ± 2.58a	10.727	< 0.001
Other field	Before intervention	18.54 ± 3.85	19.11 ± 3.61	0.841	0.402
	After intervention	17.46 ± 4.52a	11.24 ± 3.63a	8.272	< 0.001
Total score	Before intervention	59.21 ± 7.59	60.26 ± 6.46	0.807	0.422
	After intervention	55.52 ± 7.10a	38.68 ± 5.92a	14.039	< 0.001

^aP < 0.05 vs before intervention.