Comprehensive bibliometric analysis of transcranial magnetic stimulation-based depression treatment from 2003 to 2022: Research hotspots and trends

Table 1 The top 10 countries with the highest total citations in the transcranial magnetic stimulation-based depression treatment field from 2003 to 2022 (arranged by the average citation count)

Rank	Country	Number of publications	Total number of citations	Average number of citations
1	United States	166	9298	56.00
2	Israel	23	1176	51.10
3	Belgium	22	935	42.50
4	Germany	32	1347	42.10
5	Australia	63	2580	41.00
6	Italy	26	1053	40.50
7	Canada	71	2480	34.90
8	Japan	30	762	25.40
9	France	36	899	25.00
10	China	86	1459	17.00

Table 2 The top 10 most cited journals in the field of transcranial magnetic stimulation-based depression treatment, covering the period from 2003 to 2022 (ranked by total number of citations)

Rank	Journal title	Frequency	Total citations	Average citation per paper	IF (2023)	Country	JCR
1	Biological Psychiatry	14	3595	256.8	9.6	United States	Q1
2	Brain Stimulation	66	2392	36.2	7.6	United States	Q1
3	Journal of Affective Disorders	78	2209	28.3	4.9	Netherlands	Q1
4	Depression and Anxiety	21	1167	55.6	4.7	United States	Q1
5	Journal of Clinical Psychiatry	12	790	65.8	4.5	United States	Q1
6	Psychiatry Research	33	751	22.8	4.2	Netherlands	Q1
7	Journal of ECT	30	604	20.1	1.8	United States	Q3
8	International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology	14	501	35.8	4.5	England	Q1
9	World Journal of Biological Psychiatry	13	496	38.2	3.0	England	Q2
10	Clinical Neurophysiology	9	432	48.0	3.7	Ireland	Q1

IF: Impact factor; JCR: Journal citation reports.

Table 3 The top 10 highly-cited references among 702 retrieved articles on transcranial magnetic stimulation-based depression treatment research, published from 2003 to 2022 (sorted by citation frequency)

Rank	Title	First author	Source	Year	Cited frequency	DOI
1	Efficacy and safety of transcranial magnetic stimulation in the acute treatment of major depression: a multisite randomized controlled trial	O’Reardon JP	Biol Psychiatry	2007	1092	10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.01.018
2	Daily left prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy for major depressive disorder: a sham-controlled randomized trial	George MS	Arch Gen Psychiatry	2010	652	10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.46
3	Efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation targets for depression is related to intrinsic functional connectivity with the subgenual cingulate	Fox MD	Biol Psychiatry	2012	584	10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.04.028
4	Effectiveness of theta burst vs high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with depression (THREE-D): A randomized non-inferiority trial	Blumberger DM	Lancet	2018	464	10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30295-2
5	Default mode network mechanisms of transcranial magnetic stimulation in depression	Liston C	Biol Psychiatry	2014	371	10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.01.023
6	Transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of depression: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial	Fitzgerald PB	Arch Gen Psychiatry	2003	328	10.1001/archpsyc.60.9.1002
7	A randomized, controlled trial of sequential bilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment-resistant depression	Fitzgerald PB	Am J Psychiatry	2006	255	10.1176/appi.ajp.163.1.88
8	Priming stimulation enhances the depressant effect of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation	Iyer MB	J Neurosci	2003	254	10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-34-10867.2003
9	A randomized trial of rTMS targeted with MRI based neuro-navigation in treatment-resistant depression	Fitzgerald PB	Neuropsychopharmacology	2009	232	10.1038/npp.2008.233
10	Efficacy and safety of deep transcranial magnetic stimulation for major depression: a prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial	Levkovitz Y	World Psychiatry	2015	222	10.1002/wps.20199

rTMS: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging.

Table 4 A summary of 10 clusters of the references in publications of transcranial magnetic stimulation-based depression treatment

Cluster ID	Term	Size	Silhouette1
0	Add-on rtm	200	0.903
1	Hf-rtms treatment	177	0.885
2	Right low-frequency rtm	168	0.846
3	Treatment outcome	139	0.869
4	Multisite naturalistic	78	0.878
5	Acute treatment	53	0.931
6	Treatment-resistant major depressive disorder	25	0.979
7	Randomized controlled study	19	0.966
8	No-go task	15	0.977
9	Clinical outcome	12	0.847

¹The silhouette value of > 0.5 indicates that the clustering results are reliable.

Rtm: Repetitive transcranial magnetic; Hf-rtms: High frequency-repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.