Degree centrality values in the left calcarine as a potential imaging biomarker for anxious major depressive disorder

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants

Demographic data	Anxious MDD group (n = 23)	Non-anxious MDD group (n = 30)	HC group (n = 28)	F, t, or χ2	P value
Age (years)	35.57 ± 11.30	30.07 ± 9.91	31.39 ± 8.63	2.105	0.1291
Education level (years)	12.91 ± 3.32	14.10 ± 3.87	13.46 ± 5.01	0.535	0.5881
Gender (male/female)	23 (5/18)	30 (10/20)	28 (11/17)	1.817	0.4032
Illness duration (months)	7.64 ± 8.47	5.14 ± 4.22	-	1.402	0.1673
HAMD score	27.48 ± 1.62	27.60 ± 1.52	-	-0.281	0.6273
HAMA score	20.96 ± 4.04	5.23 ± 1.28	-	17.990	< 0.0013

¹P was obtained by analyses of variance.

²P was obtained by a χ² test.

³P was obtained by two-sample t-tests.

MDD: Major depressive disorder; HC: Healthy control; HAMD: Hamilton depression rating scale; HAMA: Hamilton Anxiety Scale.

Table 2 Significant degree centrality differences across groups

Cluster location	Peak (MNI)			Number of voxels	T value
	x	y	z
Anxious MDD group vs non-anxious MDD group
Right FFG	21	-45	-15	48	-5.486
Left CAL	-18	-57	6	88	-5.671
Right CAL	15	-69	18	151	-5.182
Anxious MDD group vs HC group
Right IOG	39	-63	-12	43	-5.196
Right FFG	27	-87	-3	42	-4.278
Left MFG	-39	21	36	50	4.211
Left IPAG	-54	-51	42	36	4.694
Non-anxious MDD group vs HC group
Bilateral cerebellum IX	± 6	-42	-30	93	5.125
Right PCu	27	-63	18	547	6.320
Right IFOG	30	9	30	36	5.232

MNI: Montreal Neurological Institute; MDD: Major depressive disorder; HC: Healthy control; DC: Degree centrality; FFG: Fusiform gyrus; CAL: Calcarine; IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus; MFG: Middle frontal gyrus; IPAG: Inferior parietal angular gyrus; PCu: Precuneus; IFOG: Opercular part of inferior frontal gyrus.