Analysis of epidemiological characteristics and psychopsychological factors of arrhythmia in the elderly

Table 1 Epidemiological characteristics of arrhythmia in 169 elderly individuals

Characteristic	Research group (n = 87)	Control group (n = 82)	χ2/t	P value
Age (years)	70.22 ± 5.95	66.91 ± 4.21	4.143	< 0.0001
Sex	-	-	0.705	0.401
Male	47	39	-	-
Female	40	43	-	-
BMI (kg/m2)	23.46 ± 2.12	23.55 ± 1.95	0.310	0.757
Coronary heart disease	-	-	9.833	0.002
With	61	38	-	-
Without	26	44	-	-
Hypertension	-	-	7.987	0.005
With	56	35	-	-
Without	31	47	-	-
Diabetes	-	-	0.389	0.533
With	32	34	-	-
Without	55	48	-	-
Smoking	-	-	6.314	0.012
With	60	41	-	-
Without	27	41	-	-
Drinking	-	-	0.337	0.562
With	41	35	-	-
Without	46	47	-	-
Secondhand smoke exposure	-	-	9.079	0.003
With	65	43	-	-
Without	22	39	-	-
Residence	-	-	4.232	0.040
Rural	53	37	-	-
Urban	34	45	-	-

BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 Correlation between psychopsychological score and complicated arrhythmia

Characteristic	r	P value
PSQI	0.239	0.002
HAMA-14	0.156	0.042
HAMD-17	0.191	0.013
SF-36	-0.283	0.000

PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; HAMA-14: 14-item Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale; HAMD-17: 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; SF-36: The Short-Form 36-item Health Survey.

Table 3 Psychopsychological factor scores of patients in each group, mean ± SD

Characteristic	Group A (n = 56)	Group B (n = 59)	Group C (n = 47)	Group D (n = 19)	F	P value
PSQI	16.86 ± 2.10c	16.90 ± 2.20c	17.26 ± 2.13c	14.42 ± 1.92	8.255	< 0.0001
HAMA-14	14.14 ± 4.12c	11.75 ± 4.60a,c	13.30 ± 3.82c	5.11 ± 1.05	25.58	< 0.0001
HAMD-17	14.29 ± 5.15b	16.20 ± 3.27c	16.04 ± 3.48c	4.79 ± 1.32	41.85	< 0.0001
SF-36	68.39 ± 7.92	68.88 ± 7.23	68.68 ± 7.53	68.47 ± 6.87	0.044	0.988

^aP < 0.05 vs group A.

^bP < 0.05 vs group B.

^cP < 0.05 vs group D.

PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; HAMA-14: 14-item Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale; HAMD-17: 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.

Table 4 Comparison of heart rate variability among groups, mean ± SD

Characteristic	Group A (n = 56)	Group B (n = 59)	Group C (n = 47)	Group D (n = 20)	F	P value
rMSSD (millisecond)	21.46 ± 3.51	21.52 ± 3.40	20.97 ± 3.50	36.78 ± 6.92	85.61	< 0.0001
pNM50 (%)	15.98 ± 2.28	16.10 ± 2.62	15.93 ± 2.24	22.04 ± 1.88	38.25	< 0.0001
SDNN (millisecond)	85.85 ± 12.54	84.82 ± 13.87	84.25 ± 12.16	102.8 ± 8.78	11.62	< 0.0001
SDANN (millisecond)	80.18 ± 11.40	79.69 ± 12.03	80.47 ± 12.17	90.32 ± 5.77	4.575	0.004

rMSSD: Root-mean-square of successive normal sinus two adjacent R waves (RR) interval difference; pNN50: The percentage of successive normal sinus RR intervals > 50 milliseconds; SDNN: Standard deviation of all normal sinus RR intervals over 24 hours; SDANN: Standard deviation of the average RR intervals measured every 5 minutes during the 24 hours.