Therapeutic efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation in treating auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis

Table 1 Study characteristics of transcranial direct current stimulation in the treatment of schizophrenia

Ref.	Year	Country	Sample size (T/C)	Electrode position	Stimulation intensity (mA × min)	Stimulation duration (days)	Stimulation frequency/day	Outcome measures
Bose et al[12]	2018	India	62/13	A: F3 FP1; C: T3 P3	2 × 20	5	2	AHRS
Brunelin et al [13]	2012	France	15/15	A: F3 FP1; C: T3 P5	2 × 20	5	2	AHRS
Chang et al [14]	2018	China	30/30	A: F3 FP1; C: T3 P7	2 × 20	5	2	AHRS
Fröhlich et al [15]	2016	United States	13/13	A: F3 FP1; C: T3 P9	2 × 20	5	1	AHRS
Kantrowitz et al [16]	2019	United States	47/42	A: F3 FP1; C: T3 P11	2 × 20	5	2	AHRS
Koops et al [17]	2018	Norway	26/18	A: F3 FP1; C: T3 P13	2 × 20	5	2	AHRS
Lindenmayer et al [18]	2019	United States	15/13	A: F3 FP1; C: T3 P15	2 × 20	20	2	AHRS
Mondino et al [19]	2016	France	45973	A: F3 FP1; C: T3 P17	2 × 20	5	2	AHRS
Valiengo et al [20]	2020	Brazil	50/50	A: F3 FP1; C: T3 P19	2 × 20	5	2	AHRS

A: Anode; C: Cathode; F3 FP1: Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex; T3 P3: Temporoparietal Junction; AHRS: Auditory Hallucination Rating Scale; T/C: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation/Control.