Harmonizing the mind and body: The interrelationship between traditional Chinese medicine body constitution, mental health and sleep quality

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of healthy controls and psychiatric symptoms group, n (%)

Variable	Healthy controls (n = 2190)	Psychiatric symptoms group (n = 251)	P value
Age, years	38.3 ± 10.6	36.0 ± 11.5	0.001
Male	1325 (60.5)	96 (38.2)	< 0.001
Female	865 (39.5)	155 (61.8)	< 0.001
Hypertension	171 (7.8)	14 (5.6)	0.206
No hypertension	2019 (92.2)	237 (94.4)	0.206
SBP, mmHg	121.8 ± 14.5	119.6 ± 15.2	0.023
DBP, mmHg	77.5 ± 10.9	75.2 ± 11.1	0.001
Diabetes	60 (2.7)	6 (2.4)	0.747
No diabetes	2130 (97.3)	245 (97.6)	0.747
FBS, mmol/L	5.2 ± 1.1	5.1 ± 1.3	0.227
BMI, kg/m2	24.3 ± 3.6	23.8 ± 3.8	0.043
Uric acid, μmol/L	340.1 ± 91.4	323.1 ± 90.8	0.006
Total cholesterol, mmol/L	4.5 ± 0.9	4.4 ± 0.8	0.754
Triglyceride, mmol/L	1.6 ± 1.3	1.6 ± 1.4	0.866
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, mmol/L	2.7 ± 0.7	2.7 ± 0.7	0.158
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, mmol/L	1.3 ± 0.3	1.3 ± 0.3	0.148
Smokers	446 (20.4)	40 (15.9)	0.096
No smokers	1744 (79.6)	211 (84.1)	0.096
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index	5.8 ± 3.3	10.3 ± 3.5	< 0.001
Gentleness constitution	1162 (53.1)	6 (2.4)	< 0.001
Unbalanced constitution	1028 (46.9)	245 (97.6)	< 0.001
Qi-deficiency constitution	148 (6.8)	46 (18.3)	< 0.001
Yang-deficiency constitution	222 (10.1)	35 (13.9)	0.063
Yin-deficiency constitution	62 (2.8)	5 (2.0)	0.441
Phlegm-dampness constitution	112 (5.1)	19 (7.6)	0.102
Dampness-heat constitution	268 (12.2)	38 (15.1)	0.188
Blood-stasis constitution	67 (3.1)	18 (7.2)	0.001
Qi-stagnation constitution	94 (4.3)	80 (31.9)	< 0.001
Inherited special constitution	55 (2.5)	4 (1.6)	0.370

Continuous variables were presented as mean ± SD. SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; FBS: Fasting blood sugar; BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 Multivariable logistic regression analysis of psychiatric symptoms

Variable	OR	95%CI	P value
Sex, male	0.647	0.427-0.981	0.040
Sleep quality	4.410	2.601-7.476	< 0.001
Qi-deficiency constitution	3.635	1.228-10.760	0.020
Qi-stagnation constitution	9.464	3.219-27.824	< 0.001

OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

Table 3 Multivariable logistic regression analysis of obsessive–compulsive

Variable	OR	95%CI	P value
Sleep quality	3.045	1.578-5.876	0.001
Qi-deficiency constitution	5.216	1.197-22.734	0.028
Qi-stagnation constitution	6.543	1.500-28.539	0.012

OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

Table 4 Multivariable logistic regression analysis of depression

Variable	OR	95%CI	P value
Sleep quality	4.722	2.009-11.102	< 0.001
Hyperuricemia	1.978	1.049-3.728	0.035
Qi-stagnation constitution	8.780	2.018-38.187	0.004

OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

Table 5 Multivariable logistic regression analysis of anxiety

Variable	OR	95%CI	P value
Sleep quality	4.385	1.310-14.674	0.016
Diabetes	4.216	1.173-15.155	0.027
Qi-stagnation constitution	11.497	1.506-87.740	0.019

OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

Table 6 Multivariable logistic regression analysis of sleep disorders

Variable	OR	95%CI	P value
Sex, male	0.779	0.613-0.989	0.041
BMI, > 23.9	0.762	0.620-0.937	0.010
Qi-deficiency constitution	3.041	1.572-5.882	0.001
Phlegm-dampness constitution	1.976	1.012-3.857	0.046
Dampness-heat constitution	1.971	1.088-3.572	0.025
Blood-stasis constitution	2.239	1.028-4.875	0.042
Qi-stagnation constitution	6.038	2.810-12.973	< 0.001

OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.