Voxel-based alterations in spontaneous brain activity among very-late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis: A preliminary resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Table 1 Demographic, neuropsychological, and clinical characteristics of two groups

Variables	VLOSLP (n = 33)	HCs (n = 34)	t/χ2	P value
Age, years	74.18 ± 6.439	72.15 ± 4.432	1.502	0.139
Sex, male/female	11/22	16/18	1.311	0.252
Education, years	6.67 ± 3.079	7.94 ± 2.994	-1.718	0.091
ADL score	98.94 ± 3.699	100.00 ± 0.000	-1.647	0.109
MMSE score	24.70 ± 3.312	27.12 ± 1.572	-3.804	< 0.001
MoCA score	16.33 ± 4.456	20.62 ± 3.266	-4.498	< 0.001
RBANS total score	59.73 ± 11.555	73.00 ± 11.468	-4.719	< 0.001
RBANS immediate memory	54.39 ± 12.250	66.56 ± 15.315	-3.584	< 0.001
RBANS visuospatial skills	73.27 ± 12.350	73.68 ± 9.098	-0.152	0.880
RBANS language	79.48 ± 13.985	91.24 ± 11.594	-3.749	< 0.001
RBANS attention	63.36 ± 16.865	84.00 ± 18.055	-4.831	< 0.001
RBANS delayed memory	62.82 ± 17.782	80.68 ± 16.622	-4.248	< 0.001
PANSS total score	73.76 ± 9.779	NA	NA	NA
PANSS positive score	22.85 ± 4.452	NA	NA	NA
PANSS negative score	15.18 ± 3.860	NA	NA	NA
PANSS general score	36.03 ± 5.876	NA	NA	NA

VLOSLP: Very-late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis; HCs: Healthy controls; ADL: Activity of Daily Living Scale; MMSE: Mini Mental State Examination; MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment; RBANS: Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status; PANSS: Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; NA: Not available.

Table 2 Brain regions with significant differences in spontaneous brain activity between two groups

Feature	Brain regions	Side	AAL	Cluster size	MNI coordinates, x	MNI coordinates, y	MNI coordinates, z	Peak t value
ALFF	CUN	L	45	38	-3	-78	30	-5.0145
	PCUN	R	68	75	9	-69	51	-5.7456
	PreCG	R	2	64	30	-24	60	-5.5530
	PCL	L	69	132	-12	-30	75	-5.0655
fALFF	CAL	R	44	75	30	-54	12	-4.5549
	CAU	L	71	40	-12	0	15	5.0065
	PCUN	R	68	62	3	-57	39	-5.0995
ReHo	PUT	R	74	60	24	6	15	6.8145
VMHC	CAL (A)	R	44	29	24	-60	12	-4.9374
	CAL (B)	L	43	24	-24	-60	12	-4.9374
	CAL (C)	R	44	19	9	-75	9	-4.5645
	CAL (D)	L	43	19	-9	-75	9	-4.5645
	STG	R	82	20	51	-27	15	-4.2929
	STG	L	81	20	-51	-27	15	-4.2929
	CUN	R	46	36	9	-93	27	-4.5842
	CUN	L	45	37	-9	-93	27	-4.5842

AAL: Anatomical automatic labeling; MNI: Montreal Neurologic Institute; ALFF: Amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations; fALFF: Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations; ReHo: Regional homogeneity; VMHC: Voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity; CUN: Cuneus; PCUN: Precuneus; PreCG: Precental gyrus; PCL: Paracentral lobule; CAL: Calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex; CAU: Caudate nucleus; PUT: Putamen; STG: Superior temporal gyrus; A: Cluster A; B: Cluster B; C: Cluster C; D: Cluster D; L: Left; R: Right.