Nursing interventions based on Snyder’s hope theory for depression following percutaneous coronary interventions: A clinical study

Table 1 Depression status

Group	SDS		HAMD		BDI
	Before	After	Before	After	Before	After
Control group (n = 75)	63.80 ± 5.44	52.16 ± 2.78a	21.27 ± 2.32	10.68 ± 1.24a	11.16 ± 1.42	5.78 ± 0.96a
Observation group (n = 75)	64.12 ± 5.56	47.32 ± 2.24a	21.18 ± 2.16	6.54 ± 1.18a	11.18 ± 1.48	4.12 ± 0.72a
t	0.356	11.741	0.246	20.946	0.084	11.980
P value	0.722	< 0.001	0.806	< 0.001	0.933	< 0.001

^aP < 0.05 indicates statistically significant differences when compared with the same group before care.

Scores are expressed as mean ± SD. SDS: Self-Rating Depression Scale; HAMD: Hamilton Depression Scale; BDI: Beck Depression Inventory.

Table 2 Psychological resilience

Groups	Resilience		Optimism		Self-improvement		Total
	Before	After	Before	After	Before	After	Before	After
Control group	30.18 ± 4.56	37.42 ± 5.16a	8.12 ± 1.32	11.14 ± 1.48a	17.96 ± 3.36	22.54 ± 2.78a	56.26 ± 9.24	71.10 ± 9.42a
Observation group	30.12 ± 4.52	42.78 ± 3.44a	8.18 ± 1.36	13.16 ± 1.24a	18.12 ± 3.42	27.60 ± 2.18a	56.42 ± 9.30	83.54 ± 6.86a
t	0.081	7.485	0.274	9.060	0.289	12.404	0.106	9.245
P value	0.936	< 0.001	0.784	< 0.001	0.773	< 0.001	0.916	< 0.001

^aP < 0.05 indicates statistically significant differences when compared with the same group before care.

Scores are expressed as mean ± SD.

Table 3 Self-care ability

Groups	Self-care skills		Self-responsibility		Concept of self		Health knowledge level		Total score
	Before	After	Before	After	Before	After	Before	After	Before	After
Control (n = 75)	30.16 ± 3.42	37.12 ± 4.18a	21.24 ± 2.56	25.36 ± 2.18a	23.12 ± 3.16	26.64 ± 2.92a	40.12 ± 3.56	47.80 ± 3.12a	114.64 ± 12.70	136.92 ± 12.40a
Observation (n = 75)	30.24 ± 3.48	41.32 ± 4.24a	21.28 ± 2.64	28.12 ± 1.44a	22.78 ± 3.20	30.18 ± 3.42a	40.24 ± 3.52	51.18 ± 2.78a	114.54 ± 12.84	150.80 ± 11.88a
t	0.142	6.109	0.094	9.149	0.655	6.817	0.208	7.005	0.048	7.000
P value	0.887	< 0.001	0.925	< 0.001	0.514	< 0.001	0.836	< 0.001	0.962	< 0.001

^aP < 0.05 indicates statistically significant differences when compared with the same group before care.

Scores are expressed as mean ± SD.

Table 4 Quality of life

Groups	Physical strength		Illness		Medical status		General life		Psychosocial status		Work status		Total score
	Before	After	Before	After	Before	After	Before	After	Before	After	Before	After	Before	After
Control (n = 75)	50.18 ± 3.72	56.12 ± 4.18a	17.78 ± 2.24	20.12 ± 1.86a	3.12 ± 0.54	4.16 ± 0.48a	8.18 ± 1.64	11.16 ± 2.12a	17.12 ± 2.44	21.16 ± 1.96a	4.92 ± 1.12	6.32 ± 1.24a	101.30 ± 11.70	119.04 ± 11.84a
Observation (n = 75)	50.24 ± 3.56	62.36 ± 3.54a	17.82 ± 2.32	23.18 ± 1.78a	3.18 ± 0.56	5.12 ± 0.52a	8.22 ± 1.56	13.36 ± 2.18a	17.18 ± 2.48	23.12 ± 1.72a	4.78 ± 1.16	7.58 ± 1.16a	101.42 ± 11.64	134.72 ± 10.90a
t	0.101	9.866	0.107	10.293	0.668	11.748	0.153	6.266	0.149	6.509	0.752	6.426	0.063	8.438
P value	0.920	< 0.001	0.915	< 0.001	0.505	< 0.001	0.879	< 0.001	0.881	< 0.001	0.453	< 0.001	0.950	< 0.001

^aP < 0.05 indicates statistically significant differences when compared with the same group before care.

Scores are expressed as mean ± SD.