Expression level of myocardial enzymes in patients with schizophrenia: Predictive value in the occurrence of violence

Table 1 Detection results of myocardial enzymes in schizophrenic patients and healthy groups

Group	n	Aspartate transferase (IU/L)	Lactate dehydrogenase (IU/L)	Creatine kinase (IU/L)	Creatine kinase isoenzyme (ng/mL)	A-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (IU/L)
Schizophrenia group	288	49.76 ± 25.56	213.26 ± 40.21	155.23 ± 55.92	22.17 ± 7.64	160.23 ± 30.67
Health group	100	27.41 ± 12.33	172.71 ± 10.68	100.34 ± 8.37	14.23 ± 2.11	125 ± 6.38
t value	-	8.406	9.956	9.770	10.250	11.392
P value	-	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

Table 2 Expression level of myocardial enzymes in patients with different violent behaviors

Group	n	Aspartate transferase (IU/L)	Lactate dehydrogenase (IU/L)	Creatine kinase (IU/L)	Creatine kinase isoenzyme (ng/mL)	A-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (IU/L)
Violence group	123	75.67 ± 12.46	257.31 ± 15.43	219.34 ± 6.67	29.41 ± 6.23	195.38 ± 3.62
Non-violent group	165	30.61 ± 12.43	180.71 ± 11.34	107.84 ± 9.37	16.83 ± 2.34	134.24 ± 5.28
t value	-	30.400	48.566	112.418	23.795	110.493
P value	-	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

Table 3 Single factor analysis of influencing violence, n (%)

Factor			Violence group	Non-violent group	t/χ²	P value
Gender	Men		54 (43.90)	75 (45.45)	0.069	0.793
	Women		69 (56.10)	90 (54.55)
Married			65 (52.84)	89 (53.94)	0.034	0.854
Inoccupation			77 (62.60)	97 (58.79)	0.429	0.513
Introverted			71 (57.72)	90 (54.55)	0.289	0.591
Irritability			75 (60.98)	62 (37.58)	15.471	0.000
Involuntary admission			50 (40.65)	79 (47.88)	1.489	0.222
Major life events			56 (45.53)	74 (44.85)	0.013	0.909
Depressed			66 (53.66)	94 (56.97)	0.313	0.576
Previous aggressive behavior			93 (75.61)	66 (40.00)	36.135	0.000
Anxious			1.58 ± 0.94	1.65 ± 1.12	0.561	0.575
Adopt a hostile attitude towards			3.04 ± 1.07	2.87 ± 1.08	1.327	0.186
Be suspicious			3.65 ± 1.45	3.19 ± 1.56	2.550	0.011
Hallucination			3.38 ± 1.68	3.15 ± 1.58	1.189	0.235
Behavior disorder			3.36 ± 1.39	3.14 ± 1.25	1.408	0.160
Drinking history			54 (43.90)	58 (35.15)	2.271	0.132
Smoking history			59 (47.97)	61 (36.97)	3.507	0.061
Number of hospitalization		≤ 3 times	76 (61.79)	119 (72.12)	3.441	0.064
		> 3 times	47 (38.21)	46 (27.88)
Course of a disease		< 6 months	22 (17.89)	49 (29.70)	5.441	0.066
		6-12months	54 (43.90)	59 (35.76)
		> 12months	47 (38.21)	57 (34.54)
Personality characteristics		Introvert	40 (32.52)	62 (37.57)	3.409	0.182
		Extroverted	30 (24.39)	26 (15.76)
		Intermediate personality	53 (43.09)	77 (46.67)
Aspartate transferase (IU/L)			75.67 ± 12.46	30.61 ± 12.43	30.400	< 0.001
Lactate dehydrogenase (IU/L)			257.31 ± 15.43	180.71 ± 11.34	48.566	< 0.001
Creatine kinase (IU/L)			219.34 ± 6.67	107.84± 9.37	112.418	< 0.001
Creatine kinase isoenzyme (ng/mL)			29.41 ± 6.23	16.83 ± 2.34	23.795	< 0.001
A-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (IU/L)			195.38 ± 3.62	134.24 ± 5.28	110.493	< 0.001

Table 4 Logistic multivariate analysis of violent behavior in schizophrenic patients

Variable	B	SE	Wals	P value	Exp(B)	95%CI
Irritability	0.388	0.991	0.153	0.696	1.474	0.211	10.286
Previous aggressive behavior	1.117	0.564	3.920	0.048	3.054	1.011	9.225
Aspartate transferase (IU/L)	0.169	0.021	63.748	0.000	1.184	1.136	1.235
Lactate dehydrogenase (IU/L)	-0.029	0.035	0.678	0.410	0.971	0.906	1.041
Creatine kinase (IU/L)	0.091	0.032	8.239	0.004	1.095	1.029	1.165
Creatine kinase isoenzyme (ng/mL)	0.373	0.093	16.009	0.000	1.452	1.210	1.744
A-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (IU/L)	0.042	0.113	0.138	0.711	1.043	0.835	1.302
Constant	-19.685	22.600	0.759	0.384	0.000

Table 5 Diagnostic value analysis

Index	Areas under the curve	Sensitivity	Specificity	95%CI	Youden's index
Previous aggressive behavior	0.650	72.40	57.60	0.586-0.714	0.300
Aspartate transferase (IU/L)	0.930	89.40	89.70	0.899-0.962	0.791
Creatine kinase (IU/L)	0.913	91.10	93.30	0.874-0.952	0.844
Creatine kinase isoenzyme (ng/mL)	0.909	87.80	87.30	0.872-0.947	0.751