High-risk factors for delirium in severely ill patients and the application of emotional nursing combined with pain nursing

Table 1 Univariate analysis of risk factors for delirium in intensive care unit patients, n (%)

Variable	Delirium group (n = 102)	Non-delirium group (n = 199)	χ2/t	P value
Combined emotional and pain care	42 (41.18)	108 (54.27)	4.625	0.032
Diabetes history	37 (36.27)	39 (19.60)	9.937	0.002
Patient source (emergency)	75 (73.53)	72 (36.18)	37.650	< 0.001
Surgery	80 (78.43)	183 (91.96)	11.190	0.001
Smoking history	59 (57.84)	62 (31.16)	19.980	< 0.001
Alcoholism history	35 (34.31)	38 (19.10)	8.501	0.004
Renal insufficiency	39 (38.24)	19 (9.55)	35.680	< 0.001
Use of vasoactive drugs	78 (76.47)	82 (41.21)	33.680	< 0.001
Placement of an indwelling drainage tube	101 (99.02)	180 (90.45)	7.465	0.006
Ventilator time (h)	70.85 ± 7.01	20.33 ± 1.70	9.068	< 0.001
ICU stay (d)	6.23 ± 0.52	2.07 ± 0.14	9.834	< 0.001
C-reactive protein level (mg/L)	165.70 ± 10.14	123.20 ± 7.82	3.364	< 0.001
Length of sedative medication (h)	56.67 ± 5.56	17.01 ± 1.08	9.218	< 0.001
APACHE II score	16.42 ± 0.36	12.19 ± 0.26	9.439	< 0.001
SOFA score	6.81 ± 0.28	4.55 ± 0.18	7.124	< 0.001
RASS score	-3.86 ± 0.04	-3.72 ± 0.05	2.011	0.045

ICU: Intensive care unit; APACHE: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health status assessment; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; RASS: Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale.

Table 2 Multivariate analysis of risk factors for delirium in intensive care unit patients

Variable	OR	95%CI	P value
Combined emotional and pain care	0.351	0.146-0.845	0.020
Diabetes history	4.631	1.787-11.999	0.002
Patient source (emergency)	0.308	0.118-0.802	0.016
Surgery	6.250	1.459-26.772	0.014
ICU stay	1.659	1.240-2.219	0.001
Smoking history	2.787	1.094-7.100	0.032
APACHE II score	1.421	1.246-1.621	< 0.001

95%CI: 95% confidence interval; OR: Odds ratio; ICU: Intensive care unit; APACHE: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health status assessment.

Table 3 Comparison of clinical data and incidence of delirium between patients with and without combined emotional and pain care, n (%)

Characteristics	Patients with combined emotional and pain care (n = 150)	Patients without combined emotional and pain care (n = 151)	χ2	P value
Age			0.033	0.855
< 65 years	86 (57.3)	85 (56.3)
≥ 65 years	64 (42.7)	66 (43.7)
Sex			2.506	0.113
Male	85 (56.7)	99 (65.6)
Female	65 (43.3)	52 (34.4)
Delirium			4.625	0.032
Yes	65 (43.3)	60 (39.7)
No	108 (72.0)	91 (60.3)