Problem-solving model guided by stimulus-organism-response theory: State of mind and coping styles of depressed mothers after cesarean delivery

Table 1 Comparing basic information of two groups

Factor	Observation (n = 40)	Control (n = 40)	χ2	P value
Age (year)			0.503	0.478
≤ 35	25	28
> 35	15	12
Number of births			0.808	0.369
Primigravida	24	20
Menstruation	16	20
Education			0.774	0.679
Junior high and below	10	8
High school	23	22
College and above	7	10
Fetal gender			0.201	0.654
Male	22	20
Female	18	20
Profession			0.863	0.650
Fixed profession	12	15
Freelance	18	18
Unemployed	10	7
Weeks of pregnancy	39.92 ± 1.02	40.01 ± 1.05	0.151	0.698
BMI (kg/m2)	23.04 ± 1.84	22.96 ± 1.94	0.036	0.850

BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 Comparison of depression scores between the two groups (score, mean ± SD)

Group	EPDS		HAMD
	Before	After	Before	After
Observation (n = 40)	17.13 ± 2.18	8.14 ± 1.67	21.15 ± 4.28	11.48 ± 2.48
Control (n = 40)	16.92 ± 2.25	11.08 ± 1.95	20.96 ± 4.35	15.83 ± 3.16
t value	0.348	5.950	0.162	5.627
P value	0.729	< 0.001	0.872	< 0.001

EPDS: Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; HAMD: Hamilton Depression Scale.

Table 3 Comparison of mindfulness scores between groups (score, mean ± SD)

Group	Nervousness-anxiety		Depression-frustration		Anger-hostility		Tiredness-slowness		Bewilderment-confusion		Energy-vigor
	Before	After	Before	After	Before	After	Before	After	Before	After	Before	After
Observation (n = 40)	21.04 ± 3.89	8.14 ± 1.8a	40.25 ± 4.84	13.52 ± 2.4a	19.02 ± 2.87	6.15 ± 1.5a	15.05 ± 2.08	5.24 ± 1.28a	16.38 ± 2.15	6.89 ± 1.3a	9.08 ± 3.14	17.52 ± 1.6a
Control (n = 40)	20.96 ± 3.94	11.69 ± 1.9a	39.81 ± 4.96	16.98 ± 2.5a	18.73 ± 3.01	8.98 ± 1.6a	14.92 ± 2.12	7.18 ± 1.35a	16.10 ± 2.25	8.52 ± 1.4a	8.89 ± 3.20	13.24 ± 1.8a
t value	0.091	8.417	0.402	6.127	0.441	7.926	0.277	6.595	0.569	5.144	0.268	4.382
P value	0.927	< 0.001	0.689	< 0.001	0.660	< 0.001	0.783	< 0.001	0.571	< 0.001	0.789	< 0.001

^aP < 0.05 comparison with pre-care data between groups.

Table 4 Comparison of coping with illness between groups (score, mean ± SD)

Group	Face-to-face		Circumvent		Surrender
	Before	After	Before	After	Before	After
Observation (n = 40)	15.95 ± 3.18	26.48 ± 3.35a	19.12 ± 2.48	12.08 ± 2.50a	12.04 ± 2.68	8.14 ± 1.15a
Control (n = 40)	16.20 ± 3.25	21.73 ± 3.20a	18.92 ± 2.51	15.75 ± 2.69a	11.92 ± 2.75	9.95 ± 1.20a
t value	0.348	6.485	0.358	6.321	0.198	6.887
P value	0.729	< 0.001	0.721	< 0.001	0.844	< 0.001

^aP < 0.05 comparison with pre-care data between groups.