Cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia patients caused by down-regulation of γ-aminobutyric acid receptor subunits

Table 1 Comparison of general data of two groups

Index	Case group (n = 126)	Control group (n = 126)	χ2/t	P value
Age (yr)	35.32 ± 4.81	36.75 ± 4.96	1.311	0.162
Sex (n)
Male	56	59	1.035	0.291
Female	70	67
BMI (kg/m2)	23.50 ± 3.12	23.36 ± 3.15	0.675	1.503
Education level			0.096	9.721
Illiterate	16	18
Primary school	26	23
Junior high school	49	51
High school and above	35	34
Living environment			0.853	0.352
In the city	65	64
In the countryside	61	62
The types of schizophrenia
Paranoid type	126	-
BPRS scores		-	0.263	0.639
Positive symptoms	-	16.19 ± 3.82
Negative symptoms	-	8.35 ± 2.39
Total BPRS scores	-	46.61 ± 4.53
Drinking			1.132	0.214
Yes	62	61
No	64	65
Smoking history			1.344	0.202
Yes	55	52
No	71	74
Complications			0.228	0.893
Diabetes	43	45	0.753	0.372
Hypertension	56	52

BMI: Body mass index; BPRS: Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale.

Table 2 Relative changes in gamma aminobutyric acid receptor subunit expression levels in the schizophrenia group

Receptor subunit	FC	P value
GABRA1	-	< 0.001
GABRB2	-	< 0.001
GABRD	-	< 0.001
GABRE	-	< 0.001
GABRA5	0	0.993
GABRA6	0	0.991

FC: Fold change.

Table 3 Correlation analysis of gamma aminobutyric acid receptor subunit downregulation and information processing speed in MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery Cognitive Scores

Receptor subunit	Information processing speed
	r value	P value
GABRA1	1.375	0.023
GABRB2	2.625	0.016
GABRD	1.190	0.032
GABRE	5.364	0.018

Table 4 Correlation analysis gamma aminobutyric acid receptor subunit downregulation and verbal learning in MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery Cognitive Scores

Receptor subunit	Verbal learning
	r value	P value
GABRA1	0.734	0.023
GABRB2	0.075	0.773
GABRD	0.128	0.639
GABRE	0.079	0.833

Table 5 Correlation analysis of gamma aminobutyric acid receptor subunit downregulation and working memory in MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery Cognitive Scores

Receptor subunit	Working memory
	r value	P value
GABRA1	0.467	0.047
GABRB2	0.623	0.032
GABRD	0.099	0.833
GABRE	0.229	0.681

Table 6 Correlation analysis of gamma aminobutyric acid receptor subunit downregulation and attention/vigilance visual learning in MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery Cognitive Scores

Receptor subunit	Attention/vigilance visual learning
	r value	P value
GABRA1	0.667	0.199
GABRB2	0.210	0.612
GABRD	0.261	0.609
GABRE	0.532	0.038

Table 7 Correlation analysis of gamma aminobutyric acid receptor subunit downregulation and reasoning and problem solving in MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery Cognitive Scores

Receptor subunit	Reasoning and problem solving
	r value	P value
GABRA1	0.651	0.222
GABRB2	0.992	0.098
GABRD	1.386	< 0.001
GABRE	0.747	0.004

Table 8 Correlation analysis of gamma aminobutyric acid receptor subunit downregulation and social cognition in MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery Cognitive Scores

Receptor subunit	Social cognition
	r value	P value
GABRA1	0.871	0.006
GABRB2	0.152	0.707
GABRD	0.752	0.049
GABRE	0.468	0.360