Differences in insomnia-related self-reported outcomes among elderly hospitalized patients

Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics of elderly hospitalized patients, n (%)

Items	Insomnia (n = 19)	Non- insomnia (n = 81)	P value
Age (yr, mean ± SD)	74.68 ± 7.95	71.12 ± 6.86	0.051
Sex			0.669
Male	10 (52.63)	47 (58.02)
Female	9 (47.37)	34 (41.98)
BMI (kg/m2, mean ± SD)	24.22 (20.05, 26.42)	22.32 (20.7, 25.44)	0.524
Place of residence			0.999
Town	2 (10.53)	7 (8.64)
Other	17 (89.47)	74 (91.36)
Cohabitation			0.032
Living with children	9 (47.37)	29 (35.80)
Living with spouse	6 (31.58)	48 (59.26)
Living alone	4 (21.05)	4 (4.94)
Monthly income			0.427
≥ 2000	12 (63.16)	43 (53.09)
2000	7 (36.84)	38 (46.91)
Marital status			0.041
Married	12 (63.16)	70 (86.42)
Divorced/widowed	7 (36.84)	11 (13.58)
Education level			0.999
≤ 9 yr	15 (78.95)	64 (79.01)
9 yr	4 (21.05)	17 (20.99)
Profession			0.495
Public and business personnel	7 (36.84)	18 (22.22)
Farmer	6 (31.58)	35 (43.21)
Laborer	5 (26.32)	26 (32.10)
Other	1 (5.23)	2 (2.47)
Smoking			0.234
Yes	0	10 (12.35)
No	19 (100)	71 (87.65)
Drinking			0.185
Yes	2 (10.53)	23 (28.40)
No	17 (89.47)	58 (71.60)
Physical exercise			0.951
Yes	10 (52.63)	42 (51.85)
No	9 (47.37)	39 (48.15)

BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 Differences in the self-reported outcomes of health-related quality of life among elderly hospitalized patients

Item	Insomnia group (n = 19)	Non-insomnia group (n = 81)	P value
PF [score, M (Q25,Q75)]	45.00 (5.00, 70.00)	70.00 (40.00, 87.50)	0.016
RP [score, M (Q25,Q75)]	0 (0, 25.00)	50.00 (0, 100.00)	0.016
BP [score, M (Q25, Q75)]	62.00 (52.00, 100.00)	100.00 (62.00, 100.00)	0.122
GH [score, M (Q25, Q75)]	52.00 (25.00, 70.00)	65.00 (50.00, 76.00)	0.035
VT [score, M (Q25, Q75)]	50.00 (25.00, 85.00)	70.00 (55.00, 85.00)	0.041
SF [score, M (Q25, Q75)]	62.50 (25.00, 87.50)	75.00 (50.00, 100.00)	0.079
RE [score, M (Q25, Q75)]	100.00 (0, 100.00)	100.00 (0, 100.00)	0.381
MH [score, M (Q25, Q75)]	72.00 (60.00, 92.00)	84.00 (70.00, 92.00)	0.192
SF-36 (score, mean ± SD)	419.58 ± 207.95	541.99 ± 178.45	0.011

PF: Physiological function; RP: Role-physiological; BP: Body pain; GH: General health; VT: Vitality; SF: Social function; RE: Role-emotional; MH: Mental health; SF-36: Short form 36 health survey questionnaire.

Table 3 Scores of each scale in the insomnia group

Item	Scores
AIS [score, M (Q25, Q75)]	10.00 (8.00, 12.00)
GAD-7 [score, M (Q25, Q75)]	1.00 (1.00, 2.00)
GDS-15 (score, mean ± SD)	5.16 ± 2.97
MUNSH [score, M (Q25, Q75)]	40.00 (24.00, 44.00)
BI [score, M (Q25, Q75)]	95.00 (70.00, 100.00)
MFS [score, M (Q25, Q75)]	35.00 (25.00, 45.00)
MMSE [score, M (Q25, Q75)]	26.00 (22.00, 29.00)
SF-36 (score, mean ± SD)	419.58 ± 207.95

AIS: Athens insomnia scale; GAD-7: Generalized anxiety disorder scale-7; GDS-15: Short geriatric depression scale-15; MUNSH: Memorial University of Newfoundland scale of happiness; BI: Barthel index; MFS: Morse falls scale; MMSE: Mini-mental state examination; SF-36: Short form 36 health survey.

Table 4 Correlation analysis of sleep quality in elderly hospitalized patients with insomnia

Item	AIS score
	r	P value
GAD-7 score	0.470	0.042
GDS-15 score	0.459	0.048
MUNSH score	-0.185	0.448
BI	-0.095	0.698
MFS score	0.743	< 0.001
MMSE score	-0.414	0.078
SF-36 score	-0.324	0.176

AIS: Athens insomnia scale; GAD-7: Generalized anxiety disorder scale-7: GDS-15, Short geriatric depression scale-15; MUNSH: Memorial University of Newfoundland scale of happiness; BI: Barthel index; MFS: Morse Falls Scale; MMSE: Mini-mental state examination; SF-36: Short form 36 health survey.

Table 5 Assignment condition

Item	Assignment
Cohabitation	1: Living with children; 2: Living with spouse; 3: Living alone
Marital status	1: Married; 2: Divorced/widowed
GAD-7	1: Score < 5; 2: Score ≥ 5
GDS-15	1: Score < 5; 2: Score ≥ 5
MUNSH	Original input
BI	1: Score < 100; 2: Score of 100
MFS	1: Score < 25; 2: Score 25-45; 3: Score 45
SF-36	Original input

GAD-7: Generalized anxiety disorder scale-7; GDS-15: Short geriatric depression scale-15; MUNSH: Memorial University of Newfoundland scale of happiness; BI: Barthel index; MFS: Morse falls scale; SF-36: Short form 36 health survey questionnaire.

Table 6 Logistic regression analysis of insomnia in elderly hospitalized patients

Item	B	SE	Wald	P value	OR (95%CI)
Cohabitation	-0.252	0.480	0.275	0.600	0.777 (0.303-1.993)
Marital status	0.911	0.775	1.381	0.240	2.487 (0.544-11.364)
GAD-7	1.437	0.944	2.319	0.128	4.209 (0.662-26.766)
GDS-15	1.821	0.737	6.103	0.013	6.177 (1.457-26.189)
MUNSH	-0.002	0.040	0.003	0.959	0.998 (0.923-1.079)
BI	-0.682	0.921	0.549	0.459	0.505 (0.083-3.075)
MFS	0.342	0.657	0.272	0.602	1.408 (0.389-5.103)
SF-36	0.001	0.003	0.231	0.631	1.001 (0.995-1.008)

GAD-7: Generalized anxiety disorder scale-7; GDS-15: Short geriatric depression scale-15; MUNSH: Memorial University of Newfoundland scale of happiness; BI: Barthel index; MFS: Morse falls scale; SF-36: Short form 36 health survey questionnaire; OR: Odds ratio.