Impaired implicit emotion regulation in patients with panic disorder: An event-related potential study on affect labeling

Table 1 Demographics and clinical characteristics of the participants

	PD (n = 25)	HC (n = 20)	t/χ2	P value
Age (yr)	47.20 ± 10.928	49.65 ± 12.766	0.681	0.500
Gender (male/female)	7/18	9/11	1.401	0.236
Education in years	13.52 ± 10.689	14.05 ± 12.037	0.156	0.877
BMI	24.89 ± 3.612	24.77 ± 3.222	0.120	0.905
HAMA	19.40 ± 4.830	2.95 ± 3.000	13.299	< 0.001a
HAMD	12.76 ± 2.85	2.85 ± 1.599	10.581	< 0.001a
PDSS	8.56 ± 3.906	N/A	N/A	N/A
PASS	6.84 ± 2.954	N/A	N/A	N/A

^aP < 0.001.

BMI: Body mass index; PD: Panic disorder; HC: Healthy controls; HAMA: Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale; HAMD: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; PDSS: Panic Disorder Severity Scale; PASS: Panic-Associated Symptom Scale; N/A: Not applicable.

Table 2 Accuracy and reaction time (ms) of the two groups under the two tasks

		PD				HC
		Affect labeling		Gender labeling		Affect labeling		Gender labeling
		M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD
Reaction time	0.9271		4.62	0.9594	4.85	0.9145	13.94	0.9382	14.21
Accuracy	1389.32		221.43	1239.97	275.19	1247.50	261.76	1158.9	255.87

PD: Panic disorder; HC: Healthy controls; M: Mean.