Predictive value of nutritional status and serological indicators in elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment

doi:10.5498/wjp.v14.i12.1925

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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World J Psychiatry. Dec 19, 2024; 14(12): 1925-1935
Published online Dec 19, 2024. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v14.i12.1925

Table 1 Difference of demographic information, dietary information and serological information between two groups

Variables	Total (n = 295)	NMCI group (n = 134)	MCI group (n = 161)	Statistic	P value
Demographic information
Age, mean ± SD	70.68 ± 8.47	68.33 ± 7.56	72.63 ± 8.71	t = -4.49	< 0.001
Sex, n (%)				χ² = 0.42	0.516
Male	137 (46.44)	65 (48.51)	72 (44.72)
Female	158 (53.56)	69 (51.49)	89 (55.28)
BMI, mean ± SD	22.57 ± 4.15	22.75 ± 3.78	22.43 ± 4.45	t = 0.65	0.514
Hypertension, n (%)				χ² = 4.47	0.035
No	211 (71.53)	104 (77.61)	107 (66.46)
Yes	84 (28.47)	30 (22.39)	54 (33.54)
Diabetes, n (%)				χ² = 10.18	0.001
No	228 (77.29)	115 (85.82)	113 (70.19)
Yes	67 (22.71)	19 (14.18)	48 (29.81)
Hyperlipemia, n (%)				χ² = 4.23	0.040
No	233 (78.98)	113 (84.33)	120 (74.53)
Yes	62 (21.02)	21 (15.67)	41 (25.47)
Cardiovascular disease, n (%)				χ² = 4.59	0.032
No	225 (76.27)	110 (82.09)	115 (71.43)
Yes	70 (23.73)	24 (17.91)	46 (28.57)
Pulmonary disease, n (%)				χ² = 0.35	0.554
No	256 (86.78)	118 (88.06)	138 (85.71)
Yes	39 (13.22)	16 (11.94)	23 (14.29)
Kidney disease, n (%)				χ² = 0.06	0.808
No	265 (89.83)	121 (90.30)	144 (89.44)
Yes	30 (10.17)	13 (9.70)	17 (10.56)
Dietary information
Smoking, n (%)				χ² = 7.10	0.008
No	178 (60.34)	92 (68.66)	86 (53.42)
Yes	117 (39.66)	42 (31.34)	75 (46.58)
Drinking, n (%)				χ² = 0.10	0.750
No	190 (64.41)	85 (63.43)	105 (65.22)
Yes	105 (35.59)	49 (36.57)	56 (34.78)
Tea, n (%)				χ² = 3.32	0.069
No	232 (78.64)	99 (73.88)	133 (82.61)
Yes	63 (21.36)	35 (26.12)	28 (17.39)
Coffee, n (%)				χ² = 4.55	0.033
No	250 (84.75)	107 (79.85)	143 (88.82)
Yes	45 (15.25)	27 (20.15)	18 (11.18)
Spicy diet, n (%)				χ² = 0.11	0.735
No	204 (69.15)	94 (70.15)	110 (68.32)
Yes	91 (30.85)	40 (29.85)	51 (31.68)
High-sweet diet, n (%)				χ² = 0.05	0.815
No	236 (80.00)	108 (80.60)	128 (79.50)
Yes	59 (20.00)	26 (19.40)	33 (20.50)
High fried diet, n (%)				χ² = 0.67	0.413
No	236 (80.00)	110 (82.09)	126 (78.26)
Yes	59 (20.00)	24 (17.91)	35 (21.74)
High-salt diet, n (%)				χ² = 7.42	0.006
No	203 (68.81)	103 (76.87)	100 (62.11)
Yes	92 (31.19)	31 (23.13)	61 (37.89)
High cholesterol diet, n (%)				χ² = 4.69	0.030
No	220 (74.58)	108 (80.60)	112 (69.57)
Yes	75 (25.42)	26 (19.40)	49 (30.43)
High-vitamin diet, n (%)				χ² = 5.62	0.018
No	176 (59.66)	70 (52.24)	106 (65.84)
Yes	119 (40.34)	64 (47.76)	55 (34.16)
Edible oil type, n (%)				χ² = 0.47	0.494
Vegetable oil	192 (65.08)	90 (67.16)	102 (63.35)
Animal oil	103 (34.92)	44 (32.84)	59 (36.65)
Serological indicators
RBC, mean ± SD	4.65 ± 1.02	4.83 ± 1.05	4.51 ± 0.96	t = 2.80	0.005
WBC, mean ± SD	7.17 ± 3.37	6.97 ± 3.45	7.33 ± 3.32	t = -0.91	0.362
NLR, mean ± SD	2.25 ± 0.61	2.02 ± 0.53	2.43 ± 0.61	t = -6.12	< 0.001
PLT, mean ± SD	168.71 ± 29.96	171.31 ± 31.69	166.54 ± 28.37	t = 1.36	0.174
IL-6 increases, n (%)				χ² = 2.18	0.140
No	219 (74.24)	105 (78.36)	114 (70.81)
Yes	76 (25.76)	29 (21.64)	47 (29.19)
TC, mean ± SD	5.01 ± 1.21	4.92 ± 1.17	5.10 ± 1.25	t = -1.27	0.204
TG, mean ± SD	1.29 ± 0.40	1.25 ± 0.36	1.32 ± 0.43	t = -1.31	0.191
HDL-C, mean ± SD	1.36 ± 0.25	1.41 ± 0.27	1.33 ± 0.21	t = 2.74	0.007
LDL-C, mean ± SD	3.29 ± 0.41	3.22 ± 0.31	3.35 ± 0.47	t = -2.96	0.003

NMCI: Non-mild cognitive impairment; MCI: Mild cognitive impairment; BMI: Body mass index; RBC: Red blood cell; WBC: White blood cell; NLR: Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio; PLT: Platelet; IL-6: Interleukin-6; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Table 2 Logistic regression analysis of demographic information, dietary information and serological information between the two groups

Variables	Univariate Logistic analysis					Multivariate Logistic analysis
Variables	β	SE	Z	P value	OR (95%CI)	β	SE	Z	P value	OR (95%CI)
Age	0.06	0.02	4.23	< 0.001	1.07 (1.03-1.10)	0.12	0.02	5.25	< 0.001	1.12 (1.08-1.17)
Hypertension
No					1.00 (Reference)					1.00 (Reference)
Yes	0.56	0.27	2.10	0.036	1.75 (1.04-2.95)	1.19	0.40	2.98	0.003	3.28 (1.50-7.16)
Diabetes
No					1.00 (Reference)					1.00 (Reference)
Yes	0.94	0.30	3.13	0.002	2.57 (1.42-4.64)	1.07	0.40	2.65	0.008	2.91 (1.32-6.40)
Hyperlipemia
No					1.00 (Reference)					1.00 (Reference)
Yes	0.61	0.30	2.04	0.041	1.84 (1.02-3.30)	0.83	0.39	2.14	0.032	2.30 (1.07-4.92)
Cardiovascular disease
No					1.00 (Reference)					1.00 (Reference)
Yes	0.61	0.28	2.13	0.033	1.83 (1.05-3.20)	0.55	0.38	1.42	0.154	1.73 (0.81-3.66)
Smoking
No					1.00 (Reference)					1.00 (Reference)
Yes	0.65	0.24	2.65	0.008	1.91 (1.18-3.08)	0.70	0.32	2.19	0.029	2.02 (1.08-3.80)
Coffee
No					1.00 (Reference)					1.00 (Reference)
Yes	-0.70	0.33	-2.11	0.035	0.50 (0.26-0.95)	-0.14	0.45	-0.31	0.758	0.87 (0.36-2.11)
High-salt diet
No					1.00 (Reference)					1.00 (Reference)
Yes	0.71	0.26	2.70	0.007	2.03 (1.21-3.38)	1.25	0.36	3.45	< 0.001	3.47 (1.71-7.05)
High cholesterol diet
No					1.00 (Reference)					1.00 (Reference)
Yes	0.60	0.28	2.15	0.031	1.82 (1.05-3.13)	0.88	0.37	2.37	0.018	2.41 (1.16-4.98)
High-vitamin diet
No					1.00 (Reference)					1.00 (Reference)
Yes	-0.57	0.24	-2.36	0.018	0.57 (0.35-0.91)	-0.71	0.32	-2.18	0.029	0.49 (0.26-0.93)
RBC	-0.33	0.12	-2.74	0.006	0.72 (0.57-0.91)	-0.60	0.17	-3.59	< 0.001	0.55 (0.39-0.76)
NLR	1.25	0.23	5.48	< 0.001	3.50 (2.24-5.48)	1.95	0.34	5.78	< 0.001	7.05 (3.64-13.65)
HDL-C	-1.35	0.50	-2.73	0.006	0.26 (0.10-0.68)	-2.04	0.65	-3.14	0.002	0.13 (0.04-0.46)
LDL-C	0.84	0.30	2.77	0.006	2.31 (1.28-4.18)	0.76	0.38	1.99	0.047	2.14 (1.01-4.53)

OR: Odds ratio; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; RBC: Red blood cell; NLR: Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Table 3 Confusion matrix analysis of clinical predictive models

Data	AUC (95%CI)	Accuracy (95%CI)	Sensitivity (95%CI)	Specificity (95%CI)	PPV (95%CI)	NPV (95%CI)	Cut off
Train	0.86 (0.81-0.91)	0.80 (0.73-0.85)	0.87 (0.80-0.94)	0.73 (0.65-0.81)	0.73 (0.65-0.81)	0.87 (0.80-0.94)	0.595
Test	0.79 (0.70-0.89)	0.73 (0.63-0.82)	0.80 (0.68-0.92)	0.67 (0.54-0.80)	0.67 (0.53-0.80)	0.80 (0.68-0.93)	0.595

95%CI: 95% confidence interval; AUC: Area under curve; PPV: Positive predictive value; NPV: Negative predictive value.

Citation: Yang Y, Lu SR, Xu Q, Yu J, Wang Z, Zhang BS, Hong K. Predictive value of nutritional status and serological indicators in elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment. World J Psychiatry 2024; 14(12): 1925-1935
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v14/i12/1925.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v14.i12.1925