Changes in postoperative depression and anxiety and their relationship with recovery from femoral head necrosis: A longitudinal study

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants (n = 93)

Characteristic	Value
Age (years), mean ± SD	52.7 ± 11.3
Sex, n (%)
Male	54 (58.1)
Female	39 (41.9)
BMI (kg/m²), mean ± SD	24.6 ± 3.2
Duration of symptoms (months), mean ± SD	18.5 ± 9.2
Type of surgical treatment, n (%)
Total hip arthroplasty	57 (61.3)
Core decompression	36 (38.7)

BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 Dynamic changes in hospital anxiety and depression scale-depression, hospital anxiety and depression scale-anxiety, and Harris hip scores over time

Time point	HADS-D	HADS-A	HHS
Baseline	7.2 ± 3.8	7.8 ± 3.5	52.3 ± 10.5
6 months	5.4 ± 3.2	5.9 ± 3.1	68.7 ± 9.3
1 year	4.3 ± 2.9	4.7 ± 2.9	78.2 ± 8.5
2 years	3.6 ± 2.7	4.0 ± 2.8	84.6 ± 7.8
3 years	3.1 ± 2.6	3.5 ± 2.8	88.1 ± 7.2
P value	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

Data are presented as mean ± SD. HADS-D: Hospital anxiety and depression scale-depression; HADS-A: Hospital anxiety and depression scale-anxiety; HHS: Harris hip score.

Table 3 Correlations between hospital anxiety and depression scale-depression/hospital anxiety and depression scale-anxiety scores and Harris hip score at each time point

Time point	HADS-D vs HHS	HADS-A vs HHS
Baseline	r = -0.53, P < 0.001	r = -0.48, P < 0.001
6 months	r = -0.58, P < 0.001	r = -0.51, P < 0.001
1 year	r = -0.49, P < 0.001	r = -0.44, P < 0.001
2 years	r = -0.41, P < 0.001	r = -0.38, P < 0.001
3 years	r = -0.35, P = 0.001	r = -0.36, P < 0.001

HADS-D: Hospital anxiety and depression scale-depression; HADS-A: Hospital anxiety and depression scale-anxiety; HHS: Harris hip score.