Assessing myocardial indices and inflammatory factors to determine anxiety and depression severity in patients with chronic heart failure

doi:10.5498/wjp.v14.i1.53

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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World J Psychiatry. Jan 19, 2024; 14(1): 53-62
Published online Jan 19, 2024. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v14.i1.53

Table 1 Comparison of general patient data between the different anxiety and depression groups

Observation indices	No-A&D (n = 65)	Mild-A&D (n = 42)	Moderate-A&D (n = 93)	Severe-A&D (n = 33)	P value
Sex					0.686
Male	27 (41.54)	20 (47.61)	47 (50.54)	17 (51.52)
Female	38 (58.46)	22 (52.39)	46 (49.46)	16 (48.48)
Age (yr, mean ± SD)	63.20 ± 14.75	64.93 ± 12.81	66.08 ± 10.99	66.67 ± 12.78	0.476
Course of disease (month, mean ± SD)	68.00 ± 17.74	66.36 ± 20.49	68.53 ± 15.97	68.97 ± 20.40	0.948
NYHA, n (%)					< 0.001
I	16 (24.62)	6 (14.29)	3 (3.23)	4 (12.12)
II	27 (41.54)	8 (19.05)	26 (27.96)	8 (24.24)
III	21 (32.31)	24 (57.14)	54 (58.06)	17 (51.52)
IV	1 (1.53)	4 (9.52)	10 (10.75)	4 (12.12)
LVEF (%, mean ± SD)	38.72 ± 3.32	37.08 ± 3.03	36.24 ± 2.59	36.32 ± 3.16	< 0.001
LVEDd (mm, mean ± SD)	59.86 ± 5.22	61.38 ± 4.99	61.85 ± 4.95	62.36 ± 4.52	0.047
NT-proBNP (ng/L, mean ± SD)	1830.32 ± 421.64	1913.90 ± 447.93	2364.98 ± 490.56	2482.70 ± 541.86	< 0.001
ST2 (μg/L, mean ± SD)	51.26 ± 10.25	53.76 ± 9.92	52.97 ± 8.74	53.61 ± 8.07	0.382
IL-6 (ng/L, mean ± SD)	15.13 ± 2.98	17.66 ± 4.33	18.85 ± 3.84	19.38 ± 5.17	< 0.001
TNF-α (ng/L, mean ± SD)	28.89 ± 5.85	31.72 ± 7.08	34.68 ± 5.84	35.32 ± 5.1	< 0.001
hs-CRP (ng/L, mean ± SD)	12.27 ± 2.67	12.49 ± 2.71	13.03 ± 2.45	13.22 ± 2.54	0.185
hs-cTn (ng/L, mean ± SD)	22.94 ± 7.83	24.53 ± 7.99	24.45 ± 6.22	24.40 ± 6.67	0.293

NYHA: New York Heart Association; A&D: Anxiety and depression; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDd: Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; ST2: Growth stimulation expressed gene 2; IL-6: Interleukin-6; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; hs-CRP: Hypersensitive C-reactive protein; hs-cTn: High sensitivity cardiac troponin.

Table 2 Comparison of Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Self-Rating Depression Scale scores among different New York Heart Association classes

Observation indices	I (n = 29)	II (n = 69)	III (n = 116)	IV (n = 19)	P value
SAS (mean ± SD)	51.17 ± 16.54	53.84 ± 17.87	59.82 ± 15.51	65.58 ± 16.76	0.003
SDS (mean ± SD)	53.52 ± 16.85	56.72 ± 17.60	62.46 ± 14.75	68.89 ± 12.40	0.001

SAS: Self-Rating Anxiety Scale; SDS: Self-Rating Depression Scale.

Table 3 Inter-group comparison of the observed indicators of anxiety and depressive severity in patients, divided based on the requirement for early intervention

Observation indices	No/mild-A&D (N/M) (n = 107)	Moderate/severe-A&D (N/S) (n = 126)	t/Z/χ²	P value
LVEF (%, mean ± SD)	38.08 ± 3.30	36.26 ± 2.72	4.536	< 0.001
LVEDd (mm, mean ± SD)	60.46 ± 5.16	61.98 ± 4.83	2.778	0.005
NT-proBNP (ng/L, mean ± SD)	1863.13 ± 432.00	2395.81 ± 505.30	8.656	< 0.001
ST2 (μg/L, mean ± SD)	52.24 ± 10.15	53.14 ± 8.54	0.908	0.364
IL-6 (ng/L, mean ± SD)	16.12 ± 3.76	18.99 ± 4.21	5.024	< 0.001
TNF-α (ng/L, mean ± SD)	30.00 ± 6.48	34.84 ± 5.64	6.105	< 0.001
hs-CRP (ng/L, mean ± SD)	12.36 ± 2.67	13.08 ± 2.46	2.144	0.033
hs-cTn (ng/L, mean ± SD)	23.56 ± 7.89	24.44 ± 6.31	1.301	0.193

A&D: Anxiety and depression; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDd: Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; ST2: Growth stimulation expressed gene 2; IL-6: Interleukin-6; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; hs-CRP: Hypersensitive C-reactive protein; hs-cTn; High sensitivity cardiac troponin; N/M: No/mild.

Table 4 Regression analysis of the myocardial and inflammatory level indicators between the no/mild and moderate/severe groups

Observation indices	β	OR	P value	95%CI
LVEF	-1.050	0.350	< 0.001	0.226-0.541
LVEDd	-0.182	0.834	0.095	0.673-1.032
NT-proBNP	0.004	1.004	< 0.001	1.003-1.006
IL-6	0.240	1.271	0.002	1.095-1.476
TNF-α	-0.002	0.957	0.998	0.928-1.073
hs-CRP	-0.430	0.651	0.060	0.416-1.019

LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDd: Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; IL-6: Interleukin-6; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; hs-CRP: Hypersensitive C-reactive protein; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

Citation: Zhang L, Wang Q, Cui HS, Luo YY. Assessing myocardial indices and inflammatory factors to determine anxiety and depression severity in patients with chronic heart failure. World J Psychiatry 2024; 14(1): 53-62
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v14/i1/53.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v14.i1.53