Effect of cognitive behavioral group therapy on rehabilitation of community patients with schizophrenia: A short-term randomized control trial

Table 1 Patient characteristics, n (%)

Variables	Control group (n = 60)	Intervention group (n = 60)	t/χ2	P value
Age (yr)	37.95 ± 10.33	38.47 ± 10.68	0.269	0.788
Gender			2.719	0.099
Male	37 (61.67)	28 (46.67)
Female	23 (38.33)	32 (53.33)
Educational level			5.967	0.113
Primary school	10 (16.67)	13 (21.67)
Junior high school	40 (66.67)	29 (48.33)
Technical secondary school/high school	8 (13.33)	10 (16.67)
College/undergraduate	2 (3.33)	8 (13.33)
Medical burden (CNY)	3300 ± 2700	3000 ± 1600	-0.865	0.389
Annual household income (CNY)	45200 ± 32800	38500 ± 29200	-1.178	0.241

The variable data adopts t-test, and the attribute data adopts χ² test, n = 60. There was no significant difference between the intervention group and the control group (P > 0.05).

Table 2 Family member characteristics, n (%)

Variables	Control group (n = 60)	Intervention group (n = 60)	t/χ2	P value
Age (yr)	43.02 ± 10.44	42.38 ± 9.40	-0.349	0.727
Gender			2.344	0.126
Male	35 (58.33)	43 (71.67)
Female	25 (41.67)	17 (28.33)
Educational level			9.226	0.026
Primary school	3 (5.00)	13(21.67)
Junior high school	40 (66.67)	32 (53.33)
Technical secondary school/high school	3 (5.00)	6 (10.00)
College/undergraduate	14 (23.33)	9 (15.00)
Medical burden (CNY)	3300 ± 2700	3000 ± 1600	-0.865	0.389
Annual household income (CNY)	45200 ± 32800	38500 ± 29200	-1.178	0.241

The variable data adopts t-test, and the attribute data adopts χ² test, n = 60. There was no significant difference between the intervention group and the control group (P > 0.05).

Table 3 Repeated measures analysis of variance on psychopathology, social function, activities of daily living and psychological condition of family members of patients with schizophrenia

Variables	Control group (n = 60), mean ± SD			Intervention group (n = 60), mean ± SD			Repeated measurement, F-test
	Before intervention	After intervention	4 wk after intervention	Before intervention	After intervention	4 wk after intervention	Main effect for groups (F, P value, η2partial)	Main effect for time points (F, P value, η2partial)	Group by time point interaction (F, P value, η2partial)
Overall score	101.67 ± 21.48	75.78 ± 19.36	57.90 ± 16.52	97.02 ± 24.40	68.15 ± 18.85	48.72 ± 11.28	F = 5.617, P = 0.019, η2partial = 0.045	F = 344.924, P = 0.000, η2partial = 0.855	F = 0.829, P = 0.439, η2partial = 0.014
Negative factor	35.00 ± 5.42	26.58 ± 5.83	19.77 ± 5.26	32.27 ± 7.48	24.05 ± 6.37	16.45 ± 4.22	F = 9.777, P = 0.002, η2partial = 0.077	F = 452.858, P = 0.000, η2partial = 0.886	F = 0.451, P = 0.638, η2partial = 0.008
Positive factor	14.45 ± 3.50	10.77 ± 3.01	8.07 ± 2.56	13.70 ± 3.53	9.60 ± 2.83	7.40 ± 1.43	F = 3.766, P = 0.055, η2partial = 0.031	F = 243.801, P = 0.000, η2partial = 0.420	F = 0.873, P = 0.420, η2partial = 0.015
Excitatory factor	10.53 ± 3.84	7.45 ± 2.89	5.85 ± 2.28	10.45 ± 3.52	6.85 ± 2.28	5.00 ± 1.29	F = 1.437, P = 0.233, η2partial = 0.012	F = 140.501, P = 0.000, η2partial = 0.451	F = 0.801, P = 0.451, η2partial = 0.014
Cognitive factor	22.75 ± 4.72	17.38 ± 4.35	13.45 ± 3.72	21.37 ± 5.61	15.37 ± 4.25	11.23 ± 2.83	F = 7.751, P = 0.006, η2partial = 0.062	F = 275.171, P = 0.000, η2partial = 0.825	F = 0.505, P = 0.605, η2partial = 0.009
Anxiety and depression factor	18.82 ± 6.04	13.70 ± 5.36	11.15 ± 4.31	18.45 ± 6.61	12.07 ± 4.82	8.77 ± 3.00	F = 3.409, P = 0.067, η2partial = 0.028	F = 153.796, P = 0.000, η2partial = 0.724	F = 2.130, P = 0.123, η2partial = 0.035
SDSS score	12.98 ± 3.55	11.1 ± 3.50	8.72 ± 3.82	12.82 ± 3.03	9.48 ± 3.23	6.18 ± 3.40	F = 5.798, P = 0.018, η2partial = 0.047	F = 593.573, P = 0.000, η2partial = 0.910	F = 30.062, P = 0.000, η2partial = 0.339
ADL score	20.13 ± 8.49	16.78 ± 3.95	16.25 ± 3.23	21.05 ± 8.94	16.90 ± 4.00	16.23 ± 2.99	F = 0.134, P = 0.715, η2partial = 0.001	F = 28.065, P = 0.000, η2partial = 0.324	F = 0.323, P = 0.724, η2partial = 0.005

Repeated measurement ANOVA, n = 60. PANSS: Positive and negative syndrome scale; SDSS: Social function deficiency screening scale; ADL: Activities of daily living.

Table 4 Medication compliance in the two groups using χ² test, n (%)

	Pre-intervention compliance		Post-intervention compliance		Compliance at 4 wk after intervention
	Complete compliance	Partial compliance	Complete compliance	Partial compliance	Complete compliance	Partial compliance
Control group (n = 60)	49 (81.67)	11 (18.33)	48 (80.00)	12 (20.00)	53 (88.33)	7 (11.67)
Intervention group (n = 60)	52 (86.67)	8 (13.33)	50 (83.33)	10 (16.67)	55 (91.67)	5 (8.33)
χ2	0.563		0.223		0.370
P value	0.453		0.637		0.543