Efficacy and risk factors for anxiety and depression after mini-incision hip arthroplasty for femoral head osteonecrosis

Table 1 Comparison of clinical data

Factors		Control group (n = 60)	Observation group (n = 65)	P value
Age				0.569
	≥ 60 years old	34	40
	< 60 years old	26	25
Sex				0.650
	Male	34	40
	Female	26	25
BMI				0.503
	≥ 25 kg/m2	15	13
	< 25 kg/m2	45	52
Pathogeny				0.434
	Trauma	29	22
	Hormone	20	27
	Alcohol	7	10
	Others	4	6
Affected side				0.264
	Left	27	36
	Right	33	29
Smoking history				0.650
	With	34	40
	Without	26	25
History of alcoholism				0.444
	With	5	8
	Without	55	57
Education level				0.490
	≥ Junior high school	25	23
	< Junior high school	35	42
Annual income				0.531
	≥ 50000 CNY	18	16
	< 50000 CNY	42	49
Marital status				0.569
	Married	44	50
	Divorced	9	10
	Others	7	5

BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 Univariate analysis

Factors		Negative emotion group (n = 71)	Emotional stability group (n = 54)	P value
Age				0.002b
	≥ 60 years old	50	24
	< 60 years old	21	30
Sex				0.003b
	Male	34	40
	Female	37	14
BMI				0.460
	≥ 25kg/m2	14	14
	< 25kg/m2	57	40
Pathogeny				0.423
	Trauma	33	18
	Hormone	25	22
	Alcohol	9	8
	Others	4	6
Affected side				0.937
	Left	36	27
	Right	35	27
Smoking history				0.060
	With	37	37
	Without	34	17
History of alcoholism				0.866
	With	7	6
	Without	64	48
Education level				0.026a
	≥ Junior high school	21	27
	< Junior high school	50	27
Annual income				0.038a
	≥ 50000 CNY	14	20
	< 50000 CNY	57	34
Marital status				0.752
	Married	52	42
	Divorced	11	8
	Others	8	4
Treatment methods				0.032
	Minimally invasive	31	34
	Conventional	40	20
Postoperative VAS score		4.28 ± 1.59	2.70 ± 1.50	< 0.0001d
Postoperative harris hip score		79.50 ± 8.06	80.33 ± 8.77	0.585
Operation time (min)		95.69 ± 8.36	92.63 ± 7.18	0.033a
Intraoperative blood loss (mL)		14.15 ± 3.89	11.57 ± 4.23	0.074
Incision length (cm)		436.59 ± 190.14	441.17 ± 210.32	0.898
Postoperative drainage time (min)		459.11 ± 203.95	343.56 ± 192.78	0.075
Length of stay (d)		11.26 ± 2.96	12.29 ± 4.16	0.109
Treatment cost (CNY)		40006.21 ± 5472.16	34272.05 ± 6033.42	< 0.0001d

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

^dP < 0.0001.

BMI: Body mass index; VAS: Visual analogue scales.

Table 3 Assignment table

Factors	Assignment
Age	≥ 60 years old = 1, < 60 years old = 0
Sex	Male = 0, female = 1
Education level	≥ Junior high school = 0, < Junior high school = 1
Annual income	≥ 50000 CNY = 0, < 50000 CNY = 1
Surgical plan	Minimally invasive = 0, conventional = 1
Postoperative VAS score	≥ 4 = 1, < 4 = 0
Operation time	≥ 95 min = 1, < 95 min = 0
Treatment cost	≥ 35000 CNY = 1, < 35000 CNY = 0
Anxiety and depression	Negative emotion group = 1, emotional stability group = 0

VAS: Visual analogue scales.

Table 4 Multivariate analysis

Factors	β	Standard error	χ2	P value	OR	95%CI
						Lower bound	Upper bound
Age	0.578	0.465	1.545	0.214	1.782	0.716	4.434
Sex	1.480	0.488	9.206	0.002b	4.394	1.689	11.433
Education level	0.809	0.462	3.064	0.080	2.246	0.908	5.557
Annual income	0.704	0.521	1.829	0.176	2.023	0.729	5.614
Surgical plan	0.183	0.487	0.141	0.707	1.201	0.462	3.120
Postoperative VAS score	1.711	0.468	13.354	<0.001c	5.533	2.210	13.848
Operation time	0.643	0.494	1.695	0.193	1.902	0.723	5.004
Treatment cost	1.989	0.489	16.532	<0.001c	7.306	2.801	19.057

^bP < 0.01.

^cP < 0.001.

VAS: Visual analog scales; OR: Odds ratio.