Sleep disturbances are associated with anxiety, depression, and decreased quality of life in patients with coronary heart disease

Table 1 Comparison of quality of life, depression, and anxiety scores of patients with coronary heart disease with and without sleep disorders

Group	SAS score	SDS score
Sleep disorder group, n = 112	49.93 ± 8.37a	49.89 ± 6.47a
Non-sleep disorder group, n = 128	37.02 ± 10.84	40.45 ± 7.53
t value	10.389	10.336
P value	< 0.001	< 0.001

^aP < 0.05 vs non-sleep disorder group.

Data (points) are mean ± SD. SAS: Self-rating anxiety scale; SDS: Self-rating depression scale.

Table 2 Comparison of the quality of life scores of patients with coronary heart disease with and without sleep disorders

Group	Physiological field	Psychological field	Environmental field	Social relation
Sleep disorder group, n = 112	35.58 ± 5.75a	30.52 ± 4.72a	45.98 ± 5.40	42.93 ± 5.45a
Non-sleep disorder group, n = 128	38.88 ± 5.52	34.92 ± 3.82	46.63 ± 5.74	45.06 ± 4.30
t value	4.524	7.869	0.901	3.334
P value	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.369	0.001

^aP < 0.05 vs non-sleep disorder group.

Data (points) are mean ± SD.

Table 3 Single factor analysis of sleep disorders in patients with coronary heart disease

Factor	Sleep disorder group, n = 112	Non-sleep disorder group, n = 128	χ2/t value	P value
Sex
Male	47 (41.69)a	79 (61.27)	9.347	0.002
Female	65 (58.04)a	49 (38.28)
Age in yr	62.56 ± 7.18a	60.72 ± 6.61	2.070	0.040
≥ 60	56 (50.00)	30 (23.44)
< 60	56 (50.00)	98 (76.56)
Disease type
Stable angina pectoris	57 (50.89)	67 (52.34)	0.050	0.822
Acute coronary syndrome	55 (49.11)	61 (47.66)
Smoking
Yes	44 (39.29)	46 (35.94)	0.286	0.593
No	68 (60.71)	82 (64.06)
Marital status
Single	6 (5.36)	9 (7.03)	0.286	0.593
Married	106 (94.64)	119 (92.97)
Hypertension
Yes	68 (60.71)	74 (57.81)	0.208	0.648
No	44 (47.89)	54 (42.19)
Diabetes
Yes	31 (27.68)	29 (22.66)	0.804	0.370
No	81 (72.32)	99 (77.34)
Family history of CHD
Yes	25 (22.32)	22 (17.19)	1.000	0.317
No	87 (77.68)	106 (82.81)
History of dyslipidemia
Yes	32 (28.57)	39 (30.47)	0.103	0.748
No	80 (71.43)	89 (69.53)
Education level
High school and below	54 (48.21)	62 (48.44)	0.001	0.972
College or above	58 (51.79)	66 (51.56)
Working status
On-the-job	26 (23.21)	42 (32.81)	3.023	0.221
Waiting for employment	6 (5.36)	8 (6.25)
Retired	80 (71.43)	78 (60.94)
Medical insurance type
Medical insurance for urban workers	45 (40.18)a	85 (66.41)	16.551	< 0.001
New rural cooperative medical insurance	67 (59.82)a	43 (33.59)
Anxiety, ≥ 50 points
Yes	65 (58.04)a	14 (10.94)	60.006	< 0.001
No	47 (41.96)a	114 (89.06)
Depression, ≥ 53 points
Yes	41 (36.16)a	7 (5.47)	36.1987	< 0.001
No	71 (63.39)a	121 (94.53)

^aP < 0.05 vs non-sleep disorder group.

Data are mean ± SD or n (%). CHD: Coronary heart disease.

Table 4 Assignment

Factor	Assignment method
Age in yr	≥ 60 yr = 1, < 60 yr = 0
Sex	Male = 0, Female = 1
Medical insurance type	New rural cooperative medical insurance = 1
	Medical insurance for urban workers = 0
Anxiety	Yes = 1, No = 0
Depression	Yes = 1, No = 0

Table 5 Analysis of sleep disorders in patients with coronary heart disease using multiple logistic regression models

Variable	β value	SE	Wals χ2	OR value	95%CI	P value
Sex	0.989	0.338	8.548	2.688	1.385-5.215	0.003
Age in yr	-0.108	0.342	0.099	0.898	0.459-1.755	0.753
Medical insurance type	1.176	0.338	12.098	0.001	1.671-6.291	0.001
Anxiety	2.219	0.380	34.020	9.200	4.365-19.394	< 0.001
Depression	2.157	0.493	19.143	8.647	3.290-22.726	< 0.001
Constant	-2.160	0.383	31.714	0.115		< 0.001

CI: Confidence interval; OR: Odds ratio; SE: Standard error.

Table 6 Correlation between sleep disorders and quality of life, depression, and anxiety

Group	r value	P value
SAS	0.500	< 0.001
SDS	0.493	< 0.001
Physiological field	-0.215	< 0.001
Psychological field	-0.434	< 0.001
Environmental field	-0.080	0.217
Social relations	-0.198	0.002

SAS: Self-rating anxiety scale; SDS: Self-rating depression scale.