Worldwide suicide mortality trends (2000-2019): A joinpoint regression analysis

doi:10.5498/wjp.v12.i8.1044

Advanced Search

BPG is committed to discovery and dissemination of knowledge

Home / Archive / Volume 12, Issue 8

This Article

Academic Content and Language Evaluation of This Article

CrossCheck and Google Search of This Article

Academic Rules and Norms of This Article

Citation of this article

Corresponding Author of This Article

Research Domain of This Article

Article-Type of This Article

Open-Access Policy of This Article

Times Cited Counts in Google of This Article

Number of Hits and Downloads for This Article

Total Article Views (8027)

All Articles published online

The chart showing PDF series, WORD series, HTML series, Figures (1-6) series, Tables (1-2) series.

Item

Count

PDF

281

WORD

HTML

4889

Figures (1-6)

242

Tables (1-2)

212

Sum=5704

Featured Article

The chart showing Browse series, Download series.

Item

Count

Browse

242

Download

770

Sum=1012

Publishing Process of This Article

Item

Count

Browse

395

Download

916

Sum=1311

Aug 19, 2022 (publication date) through Nov 3, 2024

Times Cited of This Article

Times Cited (56)

Journal Information of This Article

Publication Name

World Journal of Psychiatry

ISSN

2220-3206

Publisher of This Article

Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Observational Study

World J Psychiatry. Aug 19, 2022; 12(8): 1044-1060
Published online Aug 19, 2022. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i8.1044

Table 1 Suicide mortality trends, by countries and sex, 2000-2019; a joinpoint analysis: Age-standardized rates (per 100000 population, world standard population)[6,7]

Countries¹	Both sexes			Male			Female
Countries¹	2000	2019	Trend²	2000	2019	Trend²	2000	2019	Trend²
Afghanistan	7.7	6.0	-1.8^a	7.6	6.2	-1.7^a	7.8	5.7	-2.1^a
Albania	5.2	3.7	-2.0	7.6	5.3	-2.0^a	2.9	2.2	-2.0
Algeria	4.7	2.6	-3.4^a	5.9	3.3	-3.3^a	3.5	1.9	-3.4^a
Angola	17.6	12.6	-2.1^a	30.0	21.7	-2.0^a	6.2	4.7	-2.0^a
Antigua	2.0	0.3	-	4.5	0.0	-	0.0	0.6	-
Argentina	9.2	8.1	-0.7^a	16.0	13.5	-0.8^a	3.4	3.3	-0.6
Armenia	3.3	2.7	-0.3	5.5	4.9	-0.2	1.7	1.0	-0.3
Australia	11.8	11.3	+0.6	18.8	17.0	+0.2	5.0	5.6	+1.6^a
Austria	15.8	10.4	-1.8^a	24.9	16.6	-1.9^a	7.9	4.6	-2.1^a
Azerbaijan	3.4	4.0	-0.1	5.8	6.6	-0.1	1.3	1.5	-0.5
Bahamas	2.5	3.4	+1.5^a	4.2	5.8	+1.6^a	1.1	1.2	+0.1
Bahrain	7.0	7.2	-1.9^a	10.2	9.9	-2.1^a	2.5	2.3	-2.4^a
Bangladesh	6.9	3.9	-3.5^a	10.0	6.0	-3.1^a	3.5	1.7	-4.3^a
Barbados	2.6	0.3	-10.0^a	4.9	0.5	-8.7^a	0.5	0.2	-
Belarus	37.3	16.5	-4.7^a	69.3	30.1	-4.8^a	9.5	5.3	-3.5^a
Belgium	18.3	13.9	-1.3^a	27.0	19.6	-1.6^a	10.1	8.4	-0.6^a
Belize	10.0	7.7	-0.9^a	17.2	13.6	-0.7	2.9	1.8	-2.6^a
Benin	14.7	12.7	-0.8^a	23.6	20.3	-0.8^a	7.5	6.1	-1.1^a
Bhutan	6.9	5.1	-1.6^a	8.6	6.8	-1.2^a	5.0	3.1	-2.6^a
Bolivia	8.4	6.8	-0.7^a	11.8	9.6	-0.8^a	5.2	4.2	-0.7^a
Bosnia and Herzegovina	8.1	8.3	-0.3	13.3	13.5	-0.3	3.5	3.4	-0.3^a
Botswana	46.3	20.2	-4.4^a	76.2	35.5	-4.0^a	20.6	7.8	-5.3^a
Brazil	4.5	6.4	+1.6^a	7.4	10.3	+1.5^a	1.8	2.8	+2.0^a
Brunei	1.7	2.5	+2.6^a	3.0	4.2	+1.9	0.4	0.8	-
Bulgaria	14.0	6.5	-3.9^a	21.8	10.6	-3.7^a	7.1	2.9	-4.5^a
Burkina Faso	16.9	14.4	-0.5^a	27.6	24.5	-0.2^a	9.2	6.5	-1.6^a
Burundi	23.4	12.1	-3.3^a	35.5	18.9	-3.0^a	13.6	6.4	-4.1^a
Cabo Verde	18.2	15.2	-0.8^a	33.3	27.4	-1.1^a	6.8	5.1	-1.3^a
Cambodia	6.8	5.5	-1.2^a	9.2	8.4	-0.5^a	5.0	3.1	-2.7^a
Cameroon	19.1	15.9	-1.2^a	29.8	25.2	-1.1^a	9.7	7.6	-1.5^a
Canada	10.7	10.3	+0.1	16.6	15.3	-0.1	5.0	5.4	+0.8^a
Central African Republic	32.5	23.0	-1.2^a	53.7	39.6	-1.0^a	14.6	9.3	-2.1^a
Chad	15.7	13.2	-0.9^a	24.8	20.2	-1.1^a	7.7	6.9	-0.4^a
Chile	10.5	8.0	-1.1^a	19.0	13.4	-1.5^a	2.9	3.0	+0.4
China	14.9	6.7	-4.5^a	15.5	8.6	-3.4^a	14.5	4.8	-6.0^a
Colombia	5.3	3.7	-1.5^a	8.4	6.0	-1.3^a	2.6	1.7	-2.4^a
Comoros	10.9	8.5	-1.1^a	14.5	11.3	-1.0^a	7.6	5.8	-1.3^a
Congo	24.7	11.6	-3.4^a	38.5	18.3	-3.4^a	14.1	6.1	-3.7^a
Costa Rica	6.9	7.6	-0.4	12.3	13.3	-0.6	1.6	1.9	+0.4
Côte d’Ivoire	24.0	15.7	-1.9^a	37.5	25.7	-1.6^a	8.4	5.0	-2.3^a
Croatia	16.3	11.0	-2.0^a	27.1	17.7	-2.1^a	6.9	5.1	-1.7^a
Cuba	15.6	10.2	-1.5^a	22.7	16.7	-1.0^a	8.9	4.1	-3.3^a
Cyprus	1.9	3.2	+5.1^a	2.6	5.3	+6.3^a	1.2	1.1	+0.6
Czechia	13.4	9.5	-1.2^a	22.6	15.4	-1.5^a	5.1	3.8	-0.8^a
DPR Korea	10.3	8.2	-0.7^a	12.3	10.6	-0.2	8.9	6.3	-1.4^a
DR Congo	14.5	12.4	-1.0^a	24.9	20.7	-1.1^a	5.7	5.0	-1.0^a
Denmark	12.5	7.6	-2.3^a	18.9	11.1	-2.3^a	6.4	4.2	-2.3^a
Djibouti	12.1	11.9	+0.1	17.1	16.3	-0.2	7.5	7.6	+0.2
Dominican Republic	4.9	5.1	+1.1^a	8.3	8.5	+1.1^a	1.6	1.9	+1.3^a
Ecuador	6.8	7.7	+0.2	9.6	11.9	+0.8	4.2	3.6	-1.3^a
Egypt	3.6	3.4	-0.3	4.7	4.7	+0.2	2.7	2.2	-1.1^a
El Salvador	6.7	6.1	-0.9	10.6	11.1	-0.4	3.4	2.1	-2.4^a
Equatorial Guinea	19.4	13.5	-0.9^a	31.0	18.5	-1.7^a	7.8	8.8	+1.3^a
Eritrea	23.4	17.3	-1.3^a	38.4	27.2	-1.5^a	9.6	8.3	-0.5^a
Estonia	25.0	12.0	-3.8^a	43.1	20.2	-4.0^a	9.6	4.5	-3.2^a
Eswatini	40.6	40.5	-0.8	65.5	78.7	+0.4	20.9	6.4	-7.5^a
Ethiopia	18.4	9.5	-3.8^a	25.9	14.2	-3.3^a	11.2	5.2	-4.6^a
Fiji	11.7	9.5	-0.6^a	15.3	13.1	-0.2	8.2	6.0	-1.4^a
Finland	21.7	13.4	-2.5^a	33.3	20.1	-2.7^a	10.4	6.8	-2.1^a
France	15.8	9.7	-2.6^a	24.2	15.2	-2.3^a	8.3	4.5	-3.3^a
Gabon	19.4	13.1	-1.5^a	33.2	23.3	-1.2^a	7.5	3.8	-3.4^a
Gambia	11.1	9.6	-0.9^a	15.3	13.3	-1.0^a	7.1	6.2	-0.8^a
Georgia	6.6	7.7	+2.1^a	11.9	14.0	+2.3^a	2.2	2.2	+0.3
Germany	11.2	8.3	-1.4^a	17.6	12.8	-1.6^a	5.3	3.9	-1.3^a
Ghana	9.8	10.5	+0.3	17.2	20.0	+0.7	2.9	1.8	-3.0^a
Greece	2.9	3.6	+2.6^a	4.6	5.9	+2.5^a	1.2	1.5	+3.4^a
Grenada	2.1	0.6	-8.5a	3.8	0.5	-	0.6	0.7	-
Guatemala	13.5	6.2	-5.5^a	24.0	10.3	-6.0^a	4.1	2.5	-3.4^a
Guinea	9.7	12.3	+1.6^a	13.7	18.4	+1.9^a	6.7	8.0	+1.3^a
Guinea-Bissau	17.5	12.4	-1.6^a	28.7	19.8	-1.8^a	8.8	6.7	-1.3^a
Guyana	35.8	40.9	+0.5^a	57.6	65.0	+0.5	14.5	17	+0.4
Haiti	12.7	11.2	-0.4^a	14.7	14.9	+0.5^a	11.1	8.0	-1.5^a
Honduras	3.0	2.6	+0.2	5.1	4.4	+0.3	1.1	1.0	-0.8^a
Hungary	26.6	11.8	-3.7^a	44.7	19.1	-3.9^a	11.0	5.5	-3.1^a
Iceland	12.7	11.2	-0.2	19.3	18.7	+0.6	6.0	3.5	-3.1^a
India	19.1	12.9	-2.3^a	20.9	14.7	-2.2^a	17.4	11.1	-2.4^a
Indonesia	3.8	2.6	-2.2^a	5.5	4.0	-2.0^a	2.1	1.2	-3.1^a
Iran	8.0	5.1	-1.5^a	10.1	7.5	-0.3	5.9	2.8	-3.7^a
Iraq	5.3	4.7	+0.0	7.2	7.3	+0.6^a	3.4	2.4	-1.3^a
Ireland	12.1	8.9	-1.4^a	19.8	14.3	-1.4^a	4.4	3.6	-1.1^a
Israel	6.8	5.2	-1.4^a	11.0	8.3	-1.5^a	2.8	2.1	-1.3^a
Italy	5.5	4.3	-0.8^a	8.7	6.7	-0.9^a	2.7	2.1	-0.9^a
Jamaica	2.1	2.3	+1.1^a	3.3	3.6	+1.0^a	0.9	1.0	+1.3^a
Japan	18.1	12.2	-1.9^a	26.8	17.5	-2.2^a	9.6	6.9	-1.4^a
Jordan	3.5	2.0	-3.4^a	4.5	3.0	-2.5^a	2.4	0.9	-6.0^a
Kazakhstan	39.4	18.1	-4.2^a	71.7	30.9	-4.5^a	11.4	6.9	-2.9^a
Kenya	15.8	11.0	-1.7^a	24.8	18.1	-1.5^a	8.2	5.3	-2.0^a
Kiribati	35.6	30.6	-0.6^a	62.6	53.6	-0.6^a	11.1	9.5	-0.6^a
Kuwait	3.1	2.7	-0.9^a	4.1	3.8	-0.3	1.5	0.7	-4.5^a
Kyrgyzstan	17.6	8.3	-3.5^a	30.7	13.5	-3.8^a	5.5	3.5	-1.9^a
Lao PDR	8.7	6.0	-2.0^a	11.0	8.6	-1.3^a	6.5	3.5	-3.5^a
Latvia	29.6	16.1	-3.0^a	54.3	29.0	-3.0^a	9.4	4.6	-3.9^a
Lebanon	3.0	2.8	-0.2	3.7	3.9	+0.6^a	2.4	1.7	-1.8^a
Lesotho	42.6	87.5	+6.0^a	73.9	146.9	+5.7^a	16.0	34.6	+6.1^a
Liberia	8.8	7.4	-0.7^a	11.0	9.4	-0.6^a	6.7	5.5	-0.7^a
Libya	5.3	4.5	+0.1	7.1	6.1	+0.2	3.3	2.9	+0.3
Lithuania	45.8	20.2	-3.4^a	80.7	36.1	-3.4^a	15.3	6.2	-3.4^a
Luxembourg	13.4	8.6	-2.8^a	20.3	11.8	-3.6^a	7.1	5.4	-1.2
Madagascar	10.8	9.2	-1.0^a	15.5	13.3	-0.9^a	6.1	5.4	-0.8^a
Malawi	19.2	10.6	-2.4^a	31.8	20.0	-1.8^a	8.4	3.3	-4.1^a
Malaysia	6.1	5.8	-0.5^a	9.1	9.0	-0.3	3.1	2.4	-1.3^a
Maldives	5.3	2.8	-3.1^a	8.1	4.1	-3.4^a	2.3	0.9	-4.9^a
Mali	8.8	8.0	-0.4^a	10.6	10.5	+0.0	7.2	5.7	-1.0^a
Malta	6.0	5.3	+0.2	9.8	8.4	+0.5	2.4	2.3	-0.6
Mauritania	6.4	5.5	-0.8^a	8.2	7.4	-0.6^a	4.9	3.9	-1.2^a
Mauritius	11.5	8.8	-0.8	18.4	15.0	-0.5	4.9	2.5	-2.1^a
Mexico	3.9	5.3	+2.0^a	6.9	8.7	+1.7^a	1.1	2.2	+3.6^a
Micronesia	28.0	29.0	+0.3^a	43.4	44.3	+0.2^a	13.0	13.2	+0.3^a
Mongolia	23.6	18.0	-1.5^a	37.6	31.1	-1.1^a	10.2	5.6	-2.8^a
Montenegro	18.9	16.2	-0.8^a	28.9	25.4	-0.7^a	9.8	7.9	-1.1^a
Morocco	10.8	7.3	-2.3^a	13.9	10.1	-2.0^a	8.0	4.7	-2.8^a
Mozambique	20.9	23.2	+0.9^a	36.2	42.6	+1.2^a	8.8	8.9	+0.6
Myanmar	5.1	3.0	-2.8^a	8.1	5.1	-2.2^a	2.6	1.1	-5.0^a
Namibia	27.5	13.5	-4.1^a	47.5	24.9	-3.9^a	11.4	4.4	-4.8^a
Nepal	10.9	9.8	-0.3	19.4	18.6	+0.2	2.8	2.9	+0.5^a
Netherlands	8.1	9.3	+1.1^a	11.2	12.5	+0.9^a	5.2	6.1	+1.3^a
New Zealand	12.4	10.3	-0.9^a	20.8	15.4	-1.2^a	4.4	5.4	+0.0
Nicaragua	6.3	4.7	-1.7^a	9.3	7.8	-1.5^a	3.6	1.9	-2.4^a
Niger	9.5	10.1	+0.3^a	12.6	14.1	+0.6^a	6.7	6.4	-0.2^a
Nigeria	9.2	6.9	-1.7^a	13.7	10.1	-1.7^a	5.1	3.8	-2.0^a
North Macedonia	8.7	7.2	-1.6^a	12.5	11.0	-1.5^a	4.9	3.5	-1.9^a
Norway	13.0	9.9	-1.0^a	19.9	13.4	-1.5^a	6.1	6.3	+0.1
Oman	6.7	4.5	-2.5^a	10.1	6.4	-2.9^a	2.0	1.1	-3.1^a
Pakistan	11.1	9.8	-0.8^a	16.1	14.6	-0.7^a	5.7	4.8	-1.2^a
Panama	5.9	2.9	-4.4^a	10.4	4.8	-4.5^a	1.5	1.0	-3.6^a
Papua New Guinea	2.8	3.6	+1.1^a	4.4	5.2	+0.9^a	1.4	1.9	+1.4^a
Paraguay	3.6	6.2	+3.0^a	4.8	9.0	+3.5^a	2.5	3.3	+1.5^a
Peru	3.4	2.7	-0.8^a	4.6	4.1	-0.2	2.4	1.4	-2.3^a
Philippines	2.3	2.5	+1.4^a	3.5	3.9	+1.6^a	1.1	1.3	+1.5^a
Poland	15.3	9.3	-1.9^a	26.8	16.5	-1.8^a	4.7	2.4	-2.9^a
Portugal	5.5	7.2	+0.4	9.5	11.6	+0.1	2.1	3.5	+1.3^a
Qatar	7.6	4.7	-2.8^a	10.0	5.7	-3.3^a	2.6	1.7	-2.1^a
Republic of Korea	13.9	21.2	+1.1	20.4	29.7	+1.0	8.2	13.4	+1.0
Moldova	16.3	12.2	-1.9^a	30.7	22.1	-2.0^a	4.2	3.3	-2.0^a
Romania	11.3	7.3	-2.1^a	19.4	12.6	-2.1^a	3.7	2.4	-2.4^a
Russian Federation	48.9	21.6	-4.1^a	88.8	38.2	-4.3^a	13.4	7.2	-3.1^a
Rwanda	25.6	9.5	-4.9^a	38.8	14.8	-4.7^a	14.0	5.0	-5.2^a
Saint Lucia	8.1	6.9	-0.4	14.5	12.5	-0.4	2.1	1.5	-1.1^a
Saint Vincent	6.5	1.0	-	12.6	1.3	-	0.5	0.7	-
Samoa	16.3	14.6	-0.5^a	24.1	20.9	-0.7^a	7.8	7.8	+0.2
Sao Tome and Principe	2.2	2.2	-0.2	3.2	3.3	-0.1	1.4	1.2	-0.8^a
Saudi Arabia	3.8	5.4	+2.8a	5.7	7.8	+2.6^a	1.4	1.9	+3.2^a
Senegal	14.4	11.0	-1.3^a	23.5	18.5	-1.1^a	6.8	5.2	-1.2^a
Serbia	18.9	7.9	-7.6^a	29.0	12.2	-8.1^a	10.1	3.9	-6.9^a
Seychelles	9.8	7.7	-1.2^a	18.4	14.0	-1.5^a	1.7	1.3	-1.4^a
Sierra Leone	10.1	11.3	+0.2	14.4	14.8	-0.2	6.5	8.2	+0.9^a
Singapore	11.4	9.7	-2.0^a	15.2	12.7	-1.9^a	7.8	6.4	-2.7^a
Slovakia	12.6	9.3	-1.8^a	21.9	16.7	-1.7^a	4.3	2.6	-2.2^a
Slovenia	25.6	14.0	-3.4^a	40.4	22.7	-3.3^a	12.6	5.5	-4.2^a
Solomon Islands	17.4	17.4	+0.3	32.0	32.2	+0.3^a	2.1	2.4	+1.3^a
Somalia	16.8	14.7	-0.8^a	26.0	22.8	-0.8^a	7.9	7.1	-0.5^a
South Africa	26.6	23.5	-0.8^a	42.7	37.9	-0.6^a	11.6	9.8	-1.5^a
South Sudan	7.9	6.7	-0.9^a	12.4	10.4	-1.0^a	3.9	3.4	-0.8^a
Spain	6.6	5.3	-0.8^a	10.5	7.9	-1.1^a	3.0	2.8	+0.0
Sri Lanka	27.4	12.9	-3.7^a	41.5	20.9	-3.3^a	14	6.1	-3.9^a
Sudan	5.6	4.8	-0.8^a	7.2	6.3	-0.7^a	4.0	3.3	-0.9^a
Suriname	25.0	25.9	-0.3^a	38.8	41.3	-0.2	11.8	11.8	-0.1
Sweden	12.2	12.4	+0.1	17.1	16.9	-0.1	7.5	7.7	+0.4
Switzerland	15.9	9.8	-2.8^a	23.7	14.2	-2.7^a	8.6	5.7	-3.0^a
Syria	2.0	2.1	+0.5^a	3.2	3.5	+0.7^a	0.9	0.8	+0.1
Tajikistan	5.1	5.3	+0.7^a	7.3	7.4	+0.4^a	2.9	3.4	+1.5^a
Thailand	11.6	8.0	-2.1^a	16.4	13.9	-1.2^a	7.1	2.3	-5.4^a
Timor-Leste	4.9	4.5	-0.2	6.5	6.7	+0.4	3.3	2.4	-1.7^a
Togo	17.3	14.8	-1.0^a	27.0	24.0	-0.8^a	8.6	6.5	-1.7^a
Tonga	5.1	4.4	-0.2	6.7	5.9	-0.1	3.6	2.9	-0.5^a
Trinidad and Tobago	16.2	8.3	-3.2^a	26.4	13.1	-3.5^a	6.3	3.7	-1.8^a
Tunisia	3.9	3.2	-1.6^a	5.2	4.6	-1.1^a	2.6	1.8	-2.3^a
Turkey	4.2	2.3	-2.9^a	6.7	3.6	-3.2^a	1.9	1.2	-2.2^a
Turkmenistan	13.8	6.1	-5.9^a	23.7	9.4	-6.5^a	4.6	2.9	-3.6^a
Uganda	21.7	10.4	-4.5^a	38.6	19.4	-4.2^a	8.6	3.7	-5.4^a
Ukraine	33.5	17.7	-3.7^a	62.7	32.7	-3.8^a	8.5	4.7	-3.2^a
United Arab Emirates	8.0	5.2	-2.4^a	9.3	6.3	-2.3^a	4.7	2.6	-3.1^a
United Kingdom	7.7	6.9	+0.0	12.0	10.4	-0.1	3.6	3.4	+0.2
Tanzania	15.6	8.2	-3.1^a	24.5	13.5	-2.8^a	8.1	3.7	-3.7^a
United States of America	10.0	14.5	+1.9^a	16.4	22.4	+1.6^a	4.0	6.8	+2.7^a
Uruguay	14.5	18.8	+1.5^a	25.7	31.1	+1.4^a	5.1	7.7	+1.3^a
Uzbekistan	12.0	8.3	-1.5^a	19.6	11.8	-2.2^a	4.8	4.9	+0.7^a
Vanuatu	23.2	21.0	-0.4^a	36.0	33.1	-0.3^a	10.1	9.0	-0.6^a
Venezuela	6.4	2.1	-6.2^a	11.3	3.7	-6.2^a	1.7	0.7	-5.6^a
Viet Nam	7.2	7.2	+0.4^a	9.4	10.6	+1.1^a	5.2	4.2	-1.0^a
Yemen	8.5	7.1	-1.1^a	10.5	9.0	-1.0^a	6.5	5.3	-1.3^a
Zambia	24.0	14.4	-2.2^a	35.9	25.7	-1.4^a	14.5	5.3	-4.4^a
Zimbabwe	20.0	23.6	+1.9^a	28.2	37.8	+2.7^a	14.2	13.5	+0.8

^aStatistically significant trend (P < 0.05).

¹Joinpoint results are not shown for mortality in some countries, because no case of suicide occurred in at least 1 year in the observed period.

²For full period presented average annual percent change.

Table 2 Joinpoint regression analysis: global trends in age-specific suicide mortality rates (per 100000), by sex, 2000-2019

Age¹	Males			Females
Age¹	Age-specific rates²(2000)	Age-specific rates²(2019)	AAPC (95%CI)	Age-specific rates²(2000)	Age-specific rates²(2019)	AAPC (95%CI)
10-19	6.7	4.5	-2.0^a [(-2.2)-(-1.8)]	6.7	3.8	-3.0^a [(-3.2)-(-2.7)]
20-29	21.4	15.7	-1.8^a [(-1.9)-(-1.6)]	14.9	7.9	-3.3^a [(-3.8)-(-2.8)]
30-39	23.4	17.6	-1.6^a [(-1.7)-(-1.5)]	12.6	6.3	-3.6^a [(-4.0)-(-3.2)]
40-49	27.6	17.8	-2.6^a [(-2.8)-(-2.4)]	11.0	6.4	-2.7^a [(-2.9)-(-2.5)]
50-59	31.0	19.6	-2.5^a [(-2.6)-(-2.4)]	11.6	7.8	-2.3^a [(-2.7)-(-2.0)]
60-69	33.7	21.8	-2.5^a [(-2.6)-(-2.3)]	13.7	9.2	-2.3^a [(-2.6)-(-2.0)]
70-79	46.0	31.1	-2.3^a [(-2.5)-(-2.1)]	21.4	13.6	-2.8^a [(-3.2)-(-2.4)]
80 +	71.5	52.3	-1.7^a [(-1.9)-(-1.6)]	29.4	19.1	-2.7^a [(-3.1)-(-2.3)]

^aStatistically significant trend.

¹Joinpoint results are not shown for the subgroups aged < 10 years for mortality, because fewer than 5 cases of suicide cases occurred in each of the decennium in any year.

²Average annual, per 100000 people. AAPC: Average annual percent change; CI: Confidence interval.

Citation: Ilic M, Ilic I. Worldwide suicide mortality trends (2000-2019): A joinpoint regression analysis. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12(8): 1044-1060
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v12/i8/1044.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v12.i8.1044