Disrupted leptin-fatty acid biosynthesis is an early manifestation of metabolic abnormalities in schizophrenia

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study subjects

Characteristics	CNT	FEP	CSZ
Age (yr)	25 ± 7.6	23.54 ± 4.65	42.23 ± 5.12
Gender (M:F)	14:0	22:0	21:0
Age at onset of psychosis		22.80 ± 4.78	23.15 ± 6.35
Years of Illness		≤ 5.0 d	22.77 ± 7.21
Total BPRS Total		45.18 ± 12.53	38.17 ± 6.96
Total PANSS-PSS		21.03 ± 4.81	12.88 ± 4.10
Total PANSS-NSS		20.91 ± 5.10	07.82 ± 2.31
Plasma leptin (ng/mL)	5.79 ± 0.80	4.77 ± 1.35	08.33 ± 1.25
BMI (kg/m2)	25.1 ± 2.61	23.2 ± 2.14	29.86 ± 3.60
Smoking		2/23	3/21
Antipsychotic use			+++
Tobacco
Cannabis

CNT: Control subjects; FEP: First-episode psychosis; CSZ: Chronic schizophrenia; BPRS: Brief psychiatric rating scale; PANSS-PSS: Positive symptom scores; PANSS-NSS: Negative symptom scores; BMI: Body mass index.