Copyright
©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Psychiatr. Aug 19, 2021; 11(8): 449-462
Published online Aug 19, 2021. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v11.i8.449
Published online Aug 19, 2021. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v11.i8.449
Table 1 General information characteristics, n (%)
| Characteristics | Control group (n = 41) | Experimental group (n = 44) | χ2 | P value |
| Gender | 0.286 | 0.593 | ||
| Male | 10 (24.4) | 13 (29.5) | ||
| Female | 31 (75.6) | 31 (70.5) | ||
| Ethnicity | 4.027 | 0.259 | ||
| Han | 34 (82.9) | 42 (95.5) | ||
| Manchu | 5 (12.2) | 2 (4.5) | ||
| Hui | 1 (2.4) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Mongolian | 1 (2.4) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Marital status | 1.777 | 0.777 | ||
| Single | 2 (4.9) | 3 (6.8) | ||
| Married | 36 (87.8) | 35 (79.5) | ||
| Cohabitation | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.3) | ||
| Divorced | 1 (2.4) | 1 (2.3) | ||
| Widowed | 2 (4.9) | 4 (9.1) | ||
| Religious beliefs | 1.623 | 0.805 | ||
| Nil | 32 (78.0) | 34 (77.3) | ||
| Christian | 2 (4.9) | 4 (9.1) | ||
| Buddhist | 5 (12.2) | 5 (11.4) | ||
| Taoist | 1 (2.4) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Muslim | 1 (2.4) | 1 (2.3) | ||
| Cultural beliefs | 7.459 | 0.059 | ||
| Nil | 21 (51.2) | 23 (52.3) | ||
| Chinese traditional culture | 13 (31.7) | 5 (11.4) | ||
| Marxist-Leninist, Maoist, Deng, and the "Three Represents" | 7 (17.1) | 15 (34.1) | ||
| Others | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.3) | ||
| Highest education | 3.734 | 0.443 | ||
| Primary school | 9 (22.0) | 6 (13.6) | ||
| Junior high school | 10 (24.4) | 18 (40.9) | ||
| High school | 13 (31.7) | 9 (20.5) | ||
| University | 8 (19.5) | 10 (22.7) | ||
| Postgraduate and above | 1 (2.4) | 1 (2.3) | ||
| Working status | 4.635 | 0.327 | ||
| Retirement | 20 (48.8) | 24 (54.5) | ||
| Unemployed | 10 (24.4) | 4 (9.1) | ||
| Part time | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.3) | ||
| Full time | 3 (7.3) | 3 (6.8) | ||
| On sick leave | 8 (19.5) | 12 (27.3) | ||
| Profession | 3.994 | 0.262 | ||
| Worker | 14 (34.1) | 12 (27.3) | ||
| Farmer | 9 (22.0) | 6 (13.6) | ||
| Staff | 6 (14.6) | 4 (9.1) | ||
| Other | 12 (29.3) | 22 (50.0) | ||
| Monthly household income (in CNY) | –0.4361 | 0.663 | ||
| ≤ 1000 | 10 (24.4) | 10 (22.7) | ||
| 1000–2999 | 17 (41.5) | 15 (34.1) | ||
| 3000–4999 | 8 (19.5) | 13 (29.5) | ||
| 5000–6999 | 1 (2.4) | 4 (9.1) | ||
| ≥ 7000 | 5 (12.2) | 2 (4.5) | ||
| Payment method for medical expenses | 5.857 | 0.320 | ||
| Social medical insurance | 28 (68.3) | 37 (84.1) | ||
| Rural cooperative medical service | 9 (22.0) | 4 (9.1) | ||
| Free medical care | 2 (4.9) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Commercial medical insurance | 1 (2.4) | 1 (2.3) | ||
| Self-paid medical care | 1 (2.4) | 1 (2.3) | ||
| Others | 1 (2.4) | 1 (2.3) | ||
| Primary caregivers | 7.971 | 0.240 | ||
| Unattended | 1 (2.4) | 4 (9.1) | ||
| Parents | 3 (7.3) | 6 (13.6) | ||
| Child | 11 (26.8) | 11 (25.0) | ||
| Spouse | 24 (58.5) | 16 (36.4) | ||
| Relative | 2 (4.9) | 4 (9.1) | ||
| Nurses/nannies | 0 (0.0) | 2 (4.5) | ||
| Others | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.3) |
Table 2 Patients’ clinical data, n (%)
| Control group | Experimental group | χ2/Z score | P value | |
| Cancer diagnosis | 4.693 | 0.584 | ||
| Breast cancer | 6 (14.60) | 4 (9.10) | ||
| Lung cancer | 7 (17.10) | 6 (13.60) | ||
| Gastrointestinal cancer | 7 (17.10) | 12 (27.30) | ||
| Nasopharyngeal cancer | 2 (4.90) | 4 (9.10) | ||
| Gynecological cancer | 14 (34.10) | 16 (36.40) | ||
| Pancreatic cancer | 2 (4.90) | 0 (0.00) | ||
| Others | 3 (7.30) | 2 (4.50) | ||
| Metastasis | 0.848 | 0.357 | ||
| Yes | 16 (39.00) | 13 (29.50) | ||
| No | 25 (61.00) | 31 (70.50) | ||
| Clinical manifestation status | –0.0281 | 0.978 | ||
| Grade 0 | 16 (40.00) | 9 (20.50) | ||
| Grade 1 | 7 (17.50) | 23 (52.30) | ||
| Grade 2 | 9 (22.50) | 7 (15.90) | ||
| Grade 3 | 4 (10.00) | 5 (11.40) | ||
| Grade 4 | 4 (10.00) | 0 (0.00) | ||
| Stratification | 5.320 | 0.150 | ||
| Asymptomatic, stable, anti-cancer | 6 (15.40) | 5 (11.40) | ||
| Asymptomatic, stable, not anti-cancer | 2 (5.10) | 1 (2.30) | ||
| Symptomatic, anti-cancer remission | 24 (61.50) | 36 (81.80) | ||
| Symptomatic, symptom control | 7 (17.90) | 2 (4.50) | ||
| Treatment | 16.467 | 0.110 | ||
| Palliative care | 7 (17.10) | 0 (0.00) | ||
| Radiotherapy | 0 (0.00) | 5 (11.40) | ||
| Chemotherapy | 28 (68.30) | 31 (70.50) | ||
| Hormone Therapy | 0 (0.00) | 2 (4.50) | ||
| Chemoradiotherapy | 6 (14.60) | 4 (9.10) | ||
| Others | 0 (0.00) | 2 (4.60) | ||
Table 3 Spiritual health scores before spiritual care intervention
| Dimension | Control group (n = 41) | Experimental group (n = 44) | t/Z score | P value |
| EX | 2.59 ± 0.69 | 2.75 ± 0.74 | 0.986 | 0.324 |
| RS | 2.37 ± 0.59 | 2.24 ± 0.58 | 0.983 | 0.328 |
| RO | 2.86 ± 0.59 | 2.78 ± 0.62 | 0.593 | 0.554 |
| RSG | 2.55 ± 0.32 | 2.57 ± 0.43 | 0.208 | 0.836 |
| Overall spirituality | 2.59 ± 0.69 | 2.75 ± 0.74 | -1.4391 | 0.150 |
Table 4 Spiritual health scores after spiritual care intervention
Table 5 Anxiety status before and after spiritual care intervention, n (%)
| Control group | Experimental group | Z score | P value | |
| Before intervention | -0.558 | 0.577 | ||
| No anxiety | 22 (53.66) | 25 (56.82) | ||
| Critical anxiety | 10 (24.39) | 13 (29.55) | ||
| Obviously anxious | 9 (21.95) | 6 (13.64) | ||
| After intervention | -7.834 | P < 0.001 | ||
| No anxiety | 25 (60.98) | 42 (95.45) | ||
| Critical anxiety | 8 (19.51) | 2 (4.55) | ||
| Obviously anxious | 8 (19.51) | 0 (0.00) |
Table 6 Depression before and after spiritual care intervention, n (%)
| Control group | Experimental group | Z score | P value | |
| Before intervention | ||||
| No depression | 22 (53.66) | 26 (59.09) | –0.714 | 0.475 |
| Critical depression | 9 (21.95) | 11 (25.00) | ||
| Obvious depression | 10 (24.39) | 6 (13.64) | ||
| After intervention | ||||
| No depression | 35 (85.37) | 43 (97.73) | –2.068 | 0.039a |
| Critical depression | 5 (12.20) | 1 (2.27) | ||
| Obvious depression | 1 (2.44) | 0 (0.00) | ||
| No depression | 22 (53.66) | 26 (59.09) | –0.714 | 0.475 |
Table 7 Quality of life before spiritual care intervention
| Dimension | Control group (n = 41) | Experimental group (n = 44) | Z score | P value |
| Function | ||||
| Physical function | 5.90 ± 2.58 | 5.52 ± 1.72 | –0.040 | 0.968 |
| Emotional function | 4.10 ± 1.79 | 3.80 ± 1.77 | –0.915 | 0.360 |
| Symptom | ||||
| Fatigue | 4.63 ± 1.95 | 4.61 ± 1.77 | –0.018 | 0.986 |
| Nausea and vomiting | 2.05 ± 1.02 | 1.80 ± 0.98 | –1.187 | 0.235 |
| Pain | 3.56 ± 1.63 | 3.55 ± 1.73 | –0.155 | 0.877 |
| Dyspnea | 1.27 ± 0.55 | 1.41 ± 0.69 | –0.895 | 0.371 |
| Insomnia | 1.90 ± 1.09 | 2.02 ± 0.90 | –0.958 | 0.338 |
| Poor appetite | 2.10 ± 0.97 | 1.84 ± 0.94 | –1.306 | 0.191 |
| Constipation | 1.88 ± 0.98 | 1.82 ± 1.02 | –0.450 | 0.653 |
| Overall quality of life | 4.24 ± 1.50 | 4.55 ± 1.50 | -0.822 | 0.411 |
Table 8 Quality of life after spiritual care intervention
| Dimension | Control group (n = 41) | Experimental group (n = 44) | Z score | P value |
| Function | ||||
| Physical function | 5.68 ± 2.61 | 4.70 ± 1.65 | –1.590 | 0.112 |
| Emotional function | 3.73 ± 1.72 | 2.98 ± 1.34 | –2.103 | 0.035a |
| Symptom | ||||
| Fatigue | 4.39 ± 1.64 | 3.41 ± 1.26 | –2.829 | 0.005a |
| Nausea and vomiting | 2.05 ± 1.00 | 1.52 ± 0.73 | –2.521 | 0.012a |
| Pain | 3.56 ± 1.45 | 2.95 ± 1.06 | –1.857 | 0.063 |
| Dyspnea | 1.51 ± 0.67 | 1.36 ± 0.65 | –1.198 | 0.231 |
| Insomnia | 1.83 ± 1.05 | 1.66 ± 0.68 | –0.196 | 0.844 |
| Poor appetite | 2.07 ± 0.93 | 1.66 ± 0.78 | –2.179 | 0.029a |
| Constipation | 1.83 ± 0.89 | 1.50 ± 0.73 | –1.823 | 0.068 |
| Overall quality of life | 4.39 ± 1.36 | 5.36 ± 1.16 | -3.077 | 0.002a |
- Citation: Sun XH, Liu X, Zhang B, Wang YM, Fan L. Impact of spiritual care on the spiritual and mental health and quality of life of patients with advanced cancer. World J Psychiatr 2021; 11(8): 449-462
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v11/i8/449.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v11.i8.449