Delirium, insulin-like growth factor I, growth hormone in older inpatients

Table 1 Cases of delirium and no delirium (according to confusion assessment method) with the scores (mean ± SD) of the Montreal cognitive assessment, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II and growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor I levels at each assessment point

Assessment	CAM (n)		MoCA	APACHE II	IGF-I (ng/mL)	GH (pg/mL)
1	No delirium (173)	mean ± SD	11.38 ± 7.90	8.59 ± 3.68	61.32 ± 22.95	503.95 ± 743.05
		Valid, n	168	173	68	68
	Delirium (24)	mean ± SD	3.78 ± 2.76	9.00 ± 3.86	45.88 ± 14.66	693.89 ± 462.15
		Valid, n	23	24	8	8
2	No delirium (141)	mean ± SD	10.42 ± 8.23	8.69 ± 3.69	53.93 ± 18.57	434.22 ± 561.88
		Valid, n	134	140	49	49
	Delirium (11)	mean ± SD	3.67 ± 3.43	11.00 ± 5.20	41.78 ± 13.98	652.14 ± 346.98
		Valid, n	9	11	5	5
3	No delirium (90)	mean ± SD	9.27 ± 7.58	8.77 ± 3.67	60.66 ± 18.88	487.98 ± 648.70
		Valid, n	84	88	30	30
	Delirium (13)	mean ± SD	3.90 ± 2.51	10.38 ± 3.69	58.29 ± 14.60	487.25 ± 507.84
		Valid, n	10	13	5	5
4	No delirium (58)	mean ± SD	10.63 ± 7.44	8.79 ± 3.55	61.97 ± 22.70	622.00 ± 790.09
		Valid, n	56	58	18	18
	Delirium (8)	mean ± SD	6.00 ± 1.83	9.00 ± 2.67	41.43 ± 8.13	577.94 ± 200.90
		Valid, n	7	8	2	2
5	No delirium (46)	mean ± SD	8.70 ± 7.20	8.80 ± 3.28	53.70 ± 14.37	288.27 ± 245.51
		Valid, n	43	46	11	11
	Delirium (6)	mean ± SD	2.33 ± 1.03	9.50 ± 3.33	42.62 ± 2.42	924.34 ± 677.88
		Valid, n	6	6	4	4

CAM: Confusion assessment method; MoCA: Montreal cognitive assessment; APACHE II: Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II; IGF-I: Insulin-like growth factor I; GH: Growth hormone.

Table 2 Generalized estimating equations model and parameter estimates of the significant variables on delirium status

Parameter estimates
Parameter	B	SE	95%CI		Hypothesis test
			Lower	Upper	Wald χ2	u	Sig.
GH (pg/ml)	-0.00111	0.0002	-0.001	0	6.21	1	0.013
IGF-1 (ng/ml)	0.02	0.0074	0.005	0.034	7.196	1	0.007
MoCA	0.205	0.0586	0.09	0.32	12.231	1	< 0.001

¹The sign (-) shows the direction of the relationship. Reference status: No delirium. GH: Growth hormone; IGF-I: Insulin-like growth factor I; MoCA: Montreal cognitive assessment.