Degree centrality values in the left calcarine as a potential imaging biomarker for anxious major depressive disorder

Figure 1 Flowchart of selection process for participants. MDD: Major depressive disorder; DSM-5: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; fMRI: Functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Figure 2 Between-group differences in degree centrality. A: Brain regions showing differences of degree centrality (DC) values among the three groups; B: Brain regions showing DC value differences in pairwise-compared groups. DC: Degree centrality; ANCOVA: Analysis of covariance; MDD: Major depressive disorder; HC: Healthy control; DC: Degree centrality.

Figure 3 Correlation analysis between structural abnormalities and clinical symptoms. A: Negative correlation between degree centrality (DC) values of the right fusiform gyrus (FFG) and Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAMA) scores in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients; B: Negative correlation between DC values of the left calcarine (CAL) and HAMA scores in MDD patients; C: Negative correlation between DC values of the right CAL and HAMA scores in MDD patients; D: Positive correlation between DC values of the right inferior occipital gyrus and Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD) scores in anxious MDD patients; E: Positive correlation between DC values of the right FFG and HAMD scores in anxious MDD patients. DC: Degree centrality; FFG: Fusiform gyrus; CAL: Calcarine; HAMD: Hamilton depression rating scale; HAMA: Hamilton anxiety rating scale.

Figure 4 Receiver operating characteristic analysis for anxious major depressive disorder patients, non-anxious major depressive disorder patients, and healthy controls. A: Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve evaluating diagnostic value of degree centrality (DC) values of different brain regions to distinguish anxious major depressive disorder (MDD) patients from non-anxious MDD patients; B: ROC curve evaluating diagnostic value of DC values of different brain regions to distinguish anxious MDD patients from healthy controls (HCs); C: ROC curve evaluating diagnostic value of DC values of different brain regions to distinguish non-anxious MDD patients from HCs. FFG: Fusiform gyrus; CAL: Calcarine; MFG: Middle frontal gyrus; IPAG: Inferior parietal angular gyrus; PCu: Precuneus; IFOG: Opercular part of inferior frontal gyrus; ROC: Receiver operating characteristic; DC: Degree centrality.