Resilience by design: How nature, nurture, environment, and microbiome mitigate stress and allostatic load

doi:10.5498/wjp.v13.i5.144

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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2220-3206

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Psychiatry. May 19, 2023; 13(5): 144-159
Published online May 19, 2023. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v13.i5.144

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Figure 1 Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and sympathetic-adrenal-medullary axes, neurohormonal output, and feedback loop. CRH: Corticotropin releasing hormone; HPA: Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal; SAM: Sympathetic-adrenal-medullary; ACTH: Adrenocorticotropic; ACTH: Adrenocorticotropic hormone.

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Figure 2 Impact of chronic stress on allostatic load mediated by primary and secondary biomarkers. HPA: Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal; SAM: Sympathetic-adrenal-medullary.

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Figure 3 Wellbeing as a measure of resilience and allostatic factors balanced output.

Citation: Chbeir S, Carrión V. Resilience by design: How nature, nurture, environment, and microbiome mitigate stress and allostatic load. World J Psychiatry 2023; 13(5): 144-159
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v13/i5/144.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v13.i5.144