Galectin-3 mediated risk of inflammation in stable schizophrenia, with only possible secondary consequences for cognition

Figure 1 Transforming growth factor-beta and galectin-3 levels impact the illness. A: Lower transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) levels (272.09 ± 101.59 vs 360.41 ± 45.13 pg/mL, P = 0.003) were measured in patients; B: These parameters of serum concentrations of galectin-3 and TGF-β both had an impact on disease presentation. TGF-β: Transforming growth factor-beta; IL: Interleukin; Gal-3: Galectin-3.

Figure 2 Correlations of serum concentrations of galectin-3 with proinflammatory mediators. A positive and moderate correlation was observed between serum concentrations of galectin-3 (Gal-3) and interleukin-23 (IL-23), Gal-3 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and Gal-3 and soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2). A: IL-23 serum concentration; B: TNF-α serum concentration; C: sST2 serum concentration. IL: Interleukin; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; sST2: Soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2.