Progress in pancreatic cancer therapeutics: The potential to exploit molecular targets

Table 1 Phase III trials with gemcitabine combination chemotherapy regimens

Datepublished	Target	Ref.	Sample size (n)	Treatment	OS (mo)	P value
2001	MMP	Bramhall et al[100]	414	Marimastat and Gem vs Gem	5.4	0.95
					5.4
2004	FT	Van Cutsem et al[31]	688	Tipifarnib and Gem vs Gem + Placebo	5.9	0.75
					6.3
2009	EGFR	Moore et al[61]	569	Erlotinib and Gem vs Gem	6.2	0.038
					5.9
2008	EGFR/VEGF	Van Cutsem et al[88]	301	Gem, Erlotinib and Bevacizumab vs Gem, Erlotinib and Placebo	7.1	0.2087
					6.0
2010	VEGF	Kindler et al[87]	535	Gem and Bevacizumab vs Gem and Placebo	5.8	0.95
					5.9
2010	EGFR	Philip et al[75]	745	Gem vs Gem and cetuximab	5.9	0.23
					6.3
2011	VEGF	Kindler et al[101]	630	Axitinib and Gem vs Gem	8.5	0.54
					8.3
2012	VEGF, BRAF, PDGFR-B	Gonçalves et al[102]	104	Sorafenib and Gem vs Gem	8.0	0.23
					9.2

Gem: Gemcitabine; OS: Overall survival; MMP: Matrix metalloproteinase; FT: Farnesyl transferase; EGFR: Epidermal growth factor receptor; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; PDGFR-B: Platelet derived growth factor receptor-B.

Table 2 Phase III trials with targeted treatment in metastatic pancreatic cancer

Date published	Regimen	Ref.	Sample size (n)	Median OS (mo)	P value
2001	Gem vs Gem + 5FU	Berlin et al[103]	322	5.4	0.09
				6.7
2004	Gem vs Gem + Irinotecan	Rocha Lima et al[104]	360	6.6	0.789
				6.3
2005	Gem vs GemOx	Louvet et al[105]	326	7.1	0.13
				9.0
2007	Gem vs Gem + cape	Herrmann et al[106]	319	7.2	0.234
				8.4
2006	Gem vs Gem + Irinotecan	Stathopoulos et al[107]	145	6.4	0.970
				6.5
2006	Gem vs Gem + Cisplatin	Heinemann et al[108]	195	6.0	0.15
				7.5

Gem: Gemcitabine; 5FU: 5-Fluoruracil; GemOx: Gemcitabine + Oxaliplatin; cape: Capecitabine.