Antidepressant-like potential of silymarin and silymarin-sertraline combination in mice: Highlighting effects on behaviour, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation

doi:10.5497/wjp.v11.i3.27

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Nov 28, 2022 (publication date) through Jun 8, 2024

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World Journal of Pharmacology

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World J Pharmacol. Nov 28, 2022; 11(3): 27-47
Published online Nov 28, 2022. doi: 10.5497/wjp.v11.i3.27

Table 1 Serum antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation level

Group	SOD (U/mL)	CAT (U/mL)	GSH nmol/mL	GPx IU/L	MDA μmol/L
Control	0.92 ± 0.02	23.12 ± 0.21	0.73 ± 0.10	11.68 ± 1.10	6.42 ± 0.02
SERT	0.93 ± 0.02	21.11 ± 0.20	0.70 ± 0.11	10.60 ± 2.01	5.40 ± 0.02
SILY 140	1.54 ± 0.11^a^,^b	28.72 ± 0.23^a^,^b	0.82 ± 0.05^a^,^b	24.54 ± 0.34^a^,^b	3.38 ± 0.04^a
SILY 280	1.98 ± 0.02^a^,^b	31.76 ± 0.22^a^,^b	1.12 ± 0.05^a^,^b	30.20 ± 0.78^a^,^b	2.33 ± 0.03^a^,^b
DEX	0.78 ± 0.03^a	12.78 ± 0.22^a	0.30 ± 0.05^a	6.65 ± 1.10^a	14.40 ± 0.06^a
DEX/SERT	0.67 ± 0.01^a^,^c	13.67 ± 0.20^a	0.35 ± 0.01^a^,^c	6.92 ± 1.00^c	14.57 ± 0.16^a
DEX/SILY 140	0.98 ± 0.01^c^,^d	22.16 ± 0.10^c^,^d	0.56 ± 0.04^a^,^c	11.40 ± 1.23^c^,^d	9.65 ± 0.05^a^,^c^,^d
DEX/SILY 280	1.00 ± 0.12^a^,^c^,^d	27.20 ± 0.22^a^,^c^,^d	0.78 ± 0.03^a^,^c^,^d	12.45 ± 1.30^c^,^d	5.57 ± 0.01^a^,^c^,^d
DEX/SERT/SILY 140	0.82 ± 0.02^a^,^c^,^d	19.70 ± 0.10^a^,^c^,^d	0.75 ± 0.01^c^,^d	10.12 ± 1.01^c^,^d	4.98 ± 0.05^a^,^c^,^d
DEX/SERT/SILY 280	0.98 ± 0.02^a^,^c^,^d	21.21 ± 0.20^c^,^d	0.88 ± 0.03^a^,^c^,^d	11.32 ± 0.76^c^,^d	4.82 ± 0.02^a^,^c^,^d

Values are expressed as the mean ± SEM.

^aP < 0.05 vs control.

^bP < 0.05 vs SERT.

^cP < 0.05 vs DEX.

^dP < 0.05 vs DEX/SERT. SOD: Superoxide dismutase; GPx: Glutathione peroxidase; MDA: Malondialdehyde; SERT: Sertraline; DEX: Dexamethasone; SILY: Silymarin. Number of mice per treatment.

Table 2 Brain levels of inflammatory markers, acetylcholinesterase activity, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant status

Group	TNF-α ng/g/protein	IL-10 pg/mg/protein	ACHe nmol/mg	MDA nmol/g/protein	GSH nmol/mg/protein	GPx mU/mg/protein
Control	38.78 ± 0.20	23.89 ± 0.20	32.10 ± 1.30	7.95 ± 0.50	0.75 ± 0.10	18.68 ± 1.10
SERT	24.12 ± 0.10^a	19.20 ± 0.16^a	28.19 ± 1.03^a	8.01 ± 0.51	0.73 ± 0.11	17.60 ± 1.01
SILY 140	34.18 ± 0.10^a	23.65 ± 0.20	24.22 ± 1.15^a^,^b	6.91 ± 0.70^a	0.92 ± 0.05^a^,^b	34.54 ± 0.44^a^,^b
SILY 280	33.11 ± 0.20^a	23.80 ± 0.30	20.18 ± 1.15^a^,^b	5.83 ± 0.63^a^,^b	1.23 ± 0.05^a^,^b	46.20 ± 0.54^a^,^b
DEX	18.78 ± 0.13^a	9.07 ± 0.10^a	52.10 ± 1.25^a	18.20 ± 0.56^a	0.30 ± 0.05^a	10.15 ± 0.80^a
DEX/SERT	19.40 ± 0.10^a^,^c	8.21 ± 0.19^a	42.30 ± 1.11^a^,^c	18.25 ± 0.76^a^,^c	0.32 ± 0.02^a	9.89 ± 0.80^c
DEX/SILY 140	25.22 ± 0.11^c^,^d	15.22 ± 0.20^c^,^d	33.22 ± 1.24^c^,^d	7.60 ± 0.80^c^,^d	0.64 ± 0.03^a^,^c	12.40 ± 0.83^a^,^c^,^d
DEX/SILY 280	29.00 ± 0.12^a^,^c^,^d	19.21 ± 0.23^c^,^d	30.17 ± 1.13^a^,^c^,^d	6.57 ± 0.63^a^,^c^,^d	0.88 ± 0.03^c^,^d	14.35 ± 0.07^a^,^c^,^d
DEX/SERT/SILY 140	23.23 ± 0.10^a^,^c^,^d	14.10 ± 0.12^a^,^c^,^d	28.12 ± 1.21^c^,^d	6.38 ± 0.61^a^,^c^,^d	0.78 ± 0.01^a^,^c^,^d	13.42 ± 0.71^a^,^c^,^d
DEX/SERT/SILY 280	25.12 ± 0.10^a^,^c^,^d	16.19 ± 0.15^a^,^c^,^d	24.20 ± 1.10^a^,^c^,^d	6.32 ± 0.50^a^,^c^,^d	0.88 ± 0.03^a^,^c^,^d	15.42 ± 0.89^a^,^c^,^d

Values are expressed as the mean ± SEM.

^aP < 0.05 vs control.

^bP < 0.05 vs SERT.

^cP < 0.05 vs DEX.

^dP < 0.05 vs DEX/SERT. GPx: Glutathione peroxidase; MDA: Malondialdehyde; SERT: Sertraline; DEX: Dexamethasone; SILY: Silymarin. Number of mice per treatment.

Citation: Onaolapo AY, Sulaiman H, Olofinnade AT, Onaolapo OJ. Antidepressant-like potential of silymarin and silymarin-sertraline combination in mice: Highlighting effects on behaviour, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. World J Pharmacol 2022; 11(3): 27-47
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3192/full/v11/i3/27.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5497/wjp.v11.i3.27