Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Clin Infect Dis. Nov 22, 2023; 13(4): 37-48
Published online Nov 22, 2023. doi: 10.5495/wjcid.v13.i4.37
Table 1 Comparison of clinical data between the severe and non-severe groups of elderly patients with coronavirus disease 2019
Variables
Total (n = 328)
Non-severe (n = 246)
Severe (n = 82)
P value
Age (yr)77.0 (68.0, 86.0)74.0 (64.0, 84.0)84.0 (75.0, 89.0)< 0.001
Male sex155 (47.4)108 (43.9)47 (57.3)0.037
Vaccinations (times)0 (0, 0)0 (0, 2)0 (0, 0)< 0.001
Comorbidities
Chronic respiratory disease37 (11.2)20 (7.8)17 (20.7)0.001
Hypertension185 (56.4)135 (54.8)50 (61.0)0.332
Diabetes mellitus65 (19.9)44 (17.8)21 (25.6)0.129
Coronary heart disease56 (17.0)40 (16.1)16 (19.5)0.478
Cerebral infarction64 (19.6)34 (13.5)30 (36.6)< 0.001
Chronic kidney disease16 (4.8)7 (2.6)9 (11.0)0.002
Immune system disease6 (1.9)5 (2.2)1 (1.2)0.589
Neoplastic disease31 (9.6)23 (9.6)8 (9.8)0.96
Neurodegenerative diseases23 (7.1)8 (3.0)15 (18.3)< 0.001
Other comorbidities99 (30.1)69 (27.8)30 (36.6)0.138
Symptoms
Fever61 (18.6)33 (13.0)28 (34.1)< 0.001
Pharyngodynia58 (17.6)41 (16.5)17 (20.7)0.39
Cough149 (45.5)98 (39.6)51 (62.2)< 0.001
Nasal stuffiness31 (9.6)18 (7.4)13 (15.8)0.026
Diarrhea3 (1.0)1 (0.4)2 (2.4)0.11
Other symptoms21 (6.4)9 (3.5)12 (14.6)< 0.001
Laboratory data
D-dimers (mg/ml)0.66 (0.30, 1.85)0.42 (0.21, 0.82)3.19 (1.33, 7.32)< 0.001
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2)76.63 ± 23.6278.59 ± 20.8271.09 ± 29.470.039
TNF-α (pg/ml) 9.78 (7.47, 12.60)8.85 (7.12, 11.10)12.37 (10.90, 18.80)< 0.001
IL-10 (pg/ml) 5.00 (5.00, 5.82)5.00 (5.00, 5.00)6.47 (5.24, 8.99)< 0.001
IL-1β (pg/ml) 5.00 (5.00, 5.55)5.00 (5.00, 5.00)5.55 (5.00, 7.17)< 0.001
PCT (ng/ml)1.58 ± 6.760.14 ± 0.575.66 ± 12.31< 0.001
CRP (mg/L) 23.41 ± 38.259.83 ± 21.2061.96 ± 48.30< 0.001
WBC (109/L)6.82 ± 3.295.92 ± 1.939.36 ± 4.72< 0.001
Neutrophil percentage69.80 ± 14.3064.44 ± 11.3885.02 ± 10.22< 0.001
Lactic acid (mmol/L)1.80 (1.37, 2.30)1.64 (1.25, 2.00)2.47 (1.81, 3.20)< 0.001
SIRI3.45 ± 5.081.71 ± 1.938.36 ± 7.48< 0.001
NLR5.27 ± 5.583.19 ± 3.0511.17 ± 6.79< 0.001
Oxygen saturation96.13 (93.00, 97.13)96.60 (95.98, 97.73)91.00 (89.00, 92.90)< 0.001
Treatment
Respiratory support 108 (33.01)29 (10.44)79 (96.34)< 0.001
Paxlovid 196 (59.62)148 (60.00)48 (58.54)0.817
Glucocorticoids78 (23.72)24 (8.70)54 (65.85)< 0.001
Anticoagulation (low molecular weight heparin or regular heparin)98 (29.81)42 (16.09)56 (68.29)< 0.001
Lianhua Qingwen Granule212 (64.74)169 (69.13)43 (52.44)0.007
Antibiotics113 (34.30)46 (17.39)67 (81.71)< 0.001
Length of hospital stays (d)8 (5, 11)7 (5, 10)8 (5, 14)0.011
Viral shedding time (d)9.25 ± 5.848.65 ± 4.8710.95 ± 7.740.014
Death15 (4.57)0 (0.00)15 (18.29)< 0.001
Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analysis of the development of severe infection in elderly patients with coronavirus disease 2019
Variables
Univariate analysis OR (95%CI)
P value
Multivariate analysis OR (95%CI)
P value
Age1.084 (0.978, 1.202)0.126--
Sex0.575 (0.1, 3.322)0.536--
Vaccinations0.636 (0.039, 10.385)0.751--
Chronic respiratory disease0.559 (0.025, 12.453)0.713--
Diabetes mellitus7.76 (0.446, 134.92)0.16--
Hypertension3.267 (0.365, 29.275)0.29--
Coronary heart disease0.142 (0.01, 1.926)0.142--
Cerebral infarction7.757 (0.704, 85.443)0.0944.26 (1.012, 17.937)0.048
Chronic kidney disease0.057 (0.001, 4.578)0.2--
Neurodegenerative diseases19.385 (0.149, 2527.003)0.233--
Neoplastic disease0.527 (0.022, 12.846)0.695--
Immune system disease0 (0, 203.169)0.213--
WBC1.096 (0.669, 1.794)0.716--
Neutrophil percentage1.125 (0.95, 1.331)0.172--
eGFR1.044 (0.966, 1.128)0.281--
NLR1.017 (0.636, 1.626)0.943--
SIRI1.003 (0.534, 1.883)0.993--
CRP1.023 (0.984, 1.063)0.251--
PCT1.552 (0.67, 3.598)0.305--
Oxygen saturation0.513 (0.369, 0.714)0.0000.573 (0.451, 0.728)0.000
Lactic acid0.768 (0.269, 2.194)0.622--
D-dimers1.156 (0.754, 1.772)0.5071.394 (1, 1.944)0.05
Viral shedding time1.066 (0.892, 1.274)0.484--
Lianhua Qingwen Granule0.486 (0.055, 4.302)0.517--
Paxlovid2.505 (0.19, 33.049)0.485--