Impact of primary percutaneous coronary intervention on ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients: A comprehensive analysis

Table 1 Association of deaths during hospitalization and within one month after discharge with gender

Deaths		Gender
		Female, %	Male, %	Total, %	P value
Death category	Deaths within one month	1	1	2	0.4231
		50.0	50.0	100.0
	Deaths during hospitalization	2	9	11
		18.2	81.8	100.0
Total		3	10	13
		23.1	76.9	100.0

¹Fisher's exact test.

Table 2 Association between age groups and deaths

Age		Death category
		Deaths within one month, %	Deaths during hospitalization, %	Total, %	P value
Age groups	40-49	0	2	2	1.0001
		0.0	100.0	100.0
	50-59	1	3	4
		25.0	75.0	100.0
	60-69	1	2	3
		33.3	66.7	100.0
	70-79	0	2	2
		0.0	100.0	100.0
	80-90	0	2	2
		0.0	100.0	100.0
Total		2	11	13
		15.4	84.6	100.0

¹Fisher's exact test.

Table 3 Association of deaths inside and outside hospitals with time from symptom till balloon inflation

Time interval		Death category
		Deaths till one month, %	Survival till one month, %	Total, %	P value
Arrival in hours	< 2	0	25	25	0.01841
		0.00	30.1	26.4
	> 2	13	58	71
		100.0	69.87	73.95
Total		13	83	96
		100.0	100.0	100.0

¹Fisher's exact test.

Table 4 Atypical presentation of patients

Symptoms	Status	In-hospital deaths
		Survivals, %	Deaths, %	Total, %	P value
Syncope	Outside hospital (1 month)	7	1	8	0.1801
		8.4	50.02	9.4
	Inside hospital	8	5	13	0.0061
		9.40	45.50	13.50
Cardiac arrest	Outside hospital (1 month)	1	0	1	1.0001
		1.2	0.0	1.2
	Inside hospital	1	2	3	0.0291
		1.20	20.00	3.20
Ventricular Arrhythmia	Outside hospital (1 month)	8	1	9	0.2041
		9.8	50.0	10.7
	Inside hospital	9	4	13	0.0301
		10.70	40.00	13.80
Typical pain	Outside hospital (1 month)	78	2	80	1.0001
		94.0	100.0	94.1
	Inside hospital	80	9	89	0.1821
		94.10	81.80	92.70

¹Fisher's exact test.

²Column percent.

Table 5 Risk factors associated with deaths inside and outside the hospital within one month of discharge

Symptoms	Status	Deaths in hospital				Deaths outside the hospital within one month
		Survivals, %	Deaths, %	Total, %	P value	Survivals, %	Deaths, %	Total, %	P value
Smoking	No	40	5	45	0.92	38	2	40	0.218
		47.10	45.50	46.90		45.80	100.00	47.10
	Yes	45	6	51		45	0	45
		52.90	54.50	53.10		54.20	0.00	52.90
H.T.	No	41	4	45	0.458	41	0	41	0.495
		48.20	36.40	46.90		49.40	0.00	48.20
	Yes	44	7	51		42	2	44
		51.80	63.60	53.10		50.60	100.00	51.80
D.M.	No	49	3	52	0.057	48	1	49	0.671
		57.60	27.30	54.20		57.80	50.00	57.60
	Yes	36	8	44		35	1	36
		42.40	72.70	45.80		42.20	50.00	42.40
Dyslipidemia	No	74	1	75	< 0.001	72	2	74	0.757
		87.10	9.10	78.10		86.70	100.00	87.10
	Yes	11	10	21		11	0	11
		12.90	90.90	21.90		13.30	0.00	12.90
Family history of CAD	No	66	7	73	0.452	65	1	66	0.399
		77.60	63.60	76.00		78.30	50.00	77.60
	Yes	19	4	23		18	1	19
		22.40	36.40	24.00		21.70	50.00	22.40
CKD	No	81	8	89	0.031	81	0	81	0.002
		95.30	72.70	92.70		97.60	0.00	95.30
	Yes	4	3	7		2	2	4
		4.70	27.30	7.30		2.40	100.00	4.70%

CAD: Coronary artery disease; H.T.: Hupertension; D.M.: Diabetes mellitus; CKD: Chronic kidney disease.

Table 6 Association between cardiogenic shock (systolic blood pressure < 90) deaths inside and outside the hospital within one month of discharge

STEMI		Deaths in hospital				Deaths out-hospital one month
		Survivals, %	Deaths, %	Total, %	P value	Survivals, %	Deaths, %	Total, %	P value
Cardiogenic Shock (SBP less than 90)	No	84	8	92	0.004	83	1	84	0.024
		98.80	72.70	95.80		100.00	50.00	98.80
	Yes	1	3	4		0	1	1
		1.20	27.30	4.20		0.00	50.00	1.20
Total		85	11	96		83	2	85
		100.00	100.00	100.00		100.00	100.00	100.00

STEMI: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; SBP: Systolic blood pressure.

Table 7 Association between lab investigations and deaths inside and outside the hospital within one month of discharge

Lab results	Status	Deaths in-hospital				Deaths out hospital one month
		Survivals, %	Deaths, %	Total, %	P value	Survivals, %	Deaths, %	Total, %	P value
Hb category	Low	24	3	27	0.757	22	2	24	0.208
		32.40	37.50	32.90		30.60	100.00	32.40
	Normal	40	5	45		40	0	40
		54.10	62.50	54.90		55.60	0.00	54.10
	High	10	0	10		10	0	10
		13.50	0.00	12.20		13.90	0.00	13.50
WBC category	Low	2	1	3	0.44	2	0	2	0.533
		2.40	9.10	3.10		2.40	0.00	2.40
	Normal	34	4	38		34	0	34
		40.00	36.40	39.60		41.00	0.00	40.00
	High	49	6	55		47	2	49
		57.60	54.50	57.30		56.60	100.00	57.60
HbA1c category	Low	32	4	36	0.539	32	0	32	0.624
		37.60	36.40	37.50		38.60	0.00	37.60
	Normal	11	0	11		11	0	11
		12.90	0.00	11.50		13.30	0.00	12.90
	High	42	7	49		40	2	42
		49.40	63.60	51.00		48.20	100.00	49.40
S. Cr. category	Low	6	1	7	0.01	6	0	6	0.014
		7.10	9.10	7.30		7.20	0.00	7.10
	Normal	70	5	75		70	0	70
		82.40	45.50	78.10		84.30	0.00	82.40
	High	9	5	14		7	2	9
		10.60	45.50	14.60		8.40	100.00	10.60

Hb: Hemoglobin; WBC: White blood counts.

Table 8 Number of vessels involved with deaths inside hospital and deaths outside hospital within one month of discharge

Number of vessels	Status	Deaths in-hospital				Deaths out hospital one month
		Survivals, %	Deaths, %	Total, %	P value	Survivals, %	Deaths, %	Total, %	P value
SVD	No	37	10	47	0.003	35	2	37	0.187
		43.50	90.90	49.00		42.20	100.00	43.50
	Yes	48	1	49		48	0	48
		56.50	9.10	51.00		57.80	0.00	56.50
2VD	No	62	9	71	0.723	60	2	62	1
		72.90	81.80	74.00		72.30	100.00	72.90
	Yes	23	2	25		23	0	23
		27.10	18.20	26.00		27.70	0.00	27.10
3VD	No	71	3	74	< 0.001	71	0	71	0.025
		83.50	27.30	77.10		85.50	0.00	83.50
	Yes	14	8	22		12	2	14
		16.50	72.70	22.90		14.50	100.00	16.50
Central stem disease (> 50%)	No	82	8	90	0.019	80	2	82	1
		96.50	72.70	93.80		96.40	100.00	96.50
	Yes	3	3	6		3	0	3
		3.50	27.30	6.30		3.60	0.00	3.50

SVD: Singular-valued decomposition; VD: Vessel disease.

Table 9 Types of vessels involved and their association with deaths inside hospital and deaths outside hospital within one month of discharge

Vessels	Status	Deaths in-hospital				Deaths out hospital one month
		Survivals, %	Deaths, %	Totals, %	P value	Survivals, %	Deaths, %	Total, %	P value
RCA	No	40	4	44	0.503	38	2	40	0.218
		47.10	36.40	45.80		45.80	100.00	47.10
	Yes	45	7	52		45	0	45
		52.90	63.60	54.20		54.20	0.00	52.90
LCx	No	73	5	78	0.005	72	1	73	0.264
		85.90	45.50	81.30		86.70	50.00	85.90
	Yes	12	6	18		11	1	12
		14.10	54.50	18.80		13.30	50.00	14.10
LAD	No	57	2	59	0.003	56	1	57	1
		67.10	18.20	61.50		67.50	50.00	67.10
	Yes	28	9	37		27	1	28
		32.90	81.80	38.50		32.50	50.00	32.90
OM	No	82	9	91	0.099	80	2	82	1
		96.50	81.80	94.80		96.40	100.00	96.50
	Yes	3	2	5		3	0	3
		3.50	18.20	5.20		3.60	0.00	3.50
Diagonal	No	81	9	90	0.139	79	2	81	1
		95.30	81.80	93.80		95.20	100.00	95.30
	Yes	4	2	6		4	0	4
		4.70	18.20	6.30		4.80	0.00	4.70
PDA	No	84	9	93	0.034	82	2	84	1
		98.80	81.80	96.90		98.80	100.00	98.80
	Yes	1	2	3		1	0	1
		1.20	18.20	3.10		1.20	0.00	1.20

RCA: Right coronary artery; LCx: Left circumflex artery; LAD: Left descending artery; OM: Obtuse Marginal; PDA: Patent ductus arteriosus.

Table 10 Complications and their association with deaths inside and outside hospitals within one month of discharge

Complications	Status	Deaths in-hospital				Deaths out hospital one month
		Survivals, %	Deaths, %	Total, %	P value	Survivals, %	Deaths, %	Total, %	P value
Coronary dissection	No	79	7	86	0.009	78	1	79	1
		94.00	63.60	90.50		94.00	100.00	94.00
	Yes	5	4	9		5	0	5
		6.00	36.40	9.50		6.00	0.00	6.00
Cardiogenic shock	No	83	5	88	< 0.001	82	1	83	0.047
		97.60	45.50	91.70		98.80	50.00	97.60
	Yes	2	6	8		1	1	2
		2.40	54.50	8.30		1.20	50.00	2.40
Temporary PM	No	82	11	93	1	81	1	82	1
		97.60	100.00	97.90		97.60	100.00	97.60
	Yes	2	0	2		2	0	2
		2.40	0.00	2.10		2.40	0.00	2.40
Mechanical ventilation	No	83	3	86	< 0.001	82	1	83	0.047
		97.60	27.30	89.60		98.80	50.00	97.60
	Yes	2	8	10		1	1	2
		2.40	72.70	10.40		1.20	50.00	2.40
VT/VF	No	79	5	84	< 0.001	79	0	79	0.004
		92.90	45.50	87.50		95.20	0.00	92.90
	Yes	6	6	12		4	2	6
		7.10	54.50	12.50		4.80	100.00	7.10
Contrast nephropathy	No	84	10	94	0.217	81	2	83	1
		98.80	90.90	97.90		97.60	100.00	97.60
	Yes	1	1	2		2	0	2
		1.20	9.10	2.10		2.40	0.00	2.40
IV inotropes	No	84	6	90	< 0.001	83	1	84	0.024
		98.80	54.50	93.80		100.00	50.00	98.80
	Yes	1	5	6		0	1	1
		1.20	45.50	6.30		0.00	50.00	1.20
No-reflow	No	77	4	81	< 0.001	77	0	77	0.006
		91.70	36.40	85.30		93.90	0.00	91.70
	Yes	7	7	14		5	2	7
		8.30	63.60	14.70		6.10	100.00	8.30

PM: Pacemaker; VT: Ventricular tachycardia; VF: Ventricular fibrillation.