Alendronate disturbs femoral growth due to changes during immunolocalization of transforming growth factor-β1 and bone morphogenetic protein-2 in epiphyseal plate

Figure 1 Histological and histomorphometric data. A: Endochondral ossification on 3^rd day on control (a) and after Alendronate administration (b). Reveals positivity for transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) (brownish color) in proliferative (Chevron arrow), maturation (keys) and hyperplasic stratum of cartilage, while reserve stratum was negative. On other hand the group that received Alendronate there was an intense positivity for bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) (red color) in reserve stratum (arrow) and proliferative (head of arrow) zones, while maturation (chevron arrows) and hyperplasic stratum (brackets) of cartilage demonstated positivity for both TGF-β1 (brown) and BMP-2 (red). B: Endochondral ossification on 12^th day. The micrographs (a) reveals the control group, and demonstrates similar pattern for TGF-β1, but also shows evident presence of BMP-2 in hyperplasic chondrocites (head of arrows). Micrograph (b) reveals the mantaining of presence of BMP-2 on all stratum of cartilage, at the same time that show an ectopic mineralization (brackets) and decrease of hypertrophic zone of chondrocytes with intense positivity for BMP-2.