Burden of multi-drug-resistant organisms in a tertiary healthcare institute in North India: Implications for regional public health

Table 1 Age distribution of participants (n = 820)

Age group (in years)	Number of participants	Percentage of total
< 14	29	3.5
14-34	257	31.3
35-64	424	51.7
≥ 65	110	13.4

Table 2 Sample-wise distribution of multidrug resistance isolates (n = 1106)

Samples	Number	Percentage
Urine	564	51.0
Blood	151	13.7
Pus	142	12.8
Endotracheal tube/tracheal tube/broncho-alveolar lavage	98	8.9
Tissue	49	4.4
Sputum/throat swab	23	2.1
Cerebrospinal fluid	16	1.4
Bile	15	1.4
Pleural fluid	14	1.3
Body fluids (not specified)	12	1.1
Peritoneal fluid	11	1.0
Ascitic fluid	9	0.8
Vaginal swab	1	0.1
Corneal scraping	1	0.1

Table 3 Frequency of multidrug resistance infections in different departments (n = 1106)

Name of department	Number of multidrug resistance organisms	Percentage
General Medicine	148	13.4
General Surgery	145	13.1
Neurosurgery	122	11.0
Trauma Surgery	102	9.2
Medicine Intensive Care Unit	90	8.1
Emergency Medicine	81	7.3
Pulmonary Medicine	62	5.6
Urology	43	3.9
Medical Oncology/Hematology	41	3.7
Neurology	41	3.7
Obstetrics and Gynecology	36	3.3
Nephrology	32	2.9
Otorhinolaryngology	28	2.5
Corona Virus Disease	21	1.9
Orthopedics	19	1.7
Pediatrics	17	1.5
Gastroenterology	16	1.4
Surgical Gastroenterology	10	0.9
Surgical Oncology	10	0.9
Cardiology	9	0.8
Geriatric Medicine	7	0.6
Radiation Oncology	7	0.6
Endocrinology	5	0.5
Neonatology	5	0.5
Burns and Plastic Surgery	4	0.4
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation	3	0.3
Dermatology	1	0.1
Pediatric Surgery	1	0.1

Table 4 Department-wise distribution of multidrug resistance organisms

Department	Isolates
	Acinetobacter spp.	Burkholderia cepacia	Candida spp.	Citrobacter spp.	Enterobacter spp.	Enterococcus spp.	Escherichia coli	Klebsiella spp.	Morganella morganii	Proteus spp.	Providencia spp.	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Serratia spp.	Staphylococcus spp.	Total
Burns and Plastic Surgery	2	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	4
Cardiology	1	0	0	0	0	0	5	2	1	0	0	0	0	0	9
Coronavirus Disease	10	0	2	0	0	0	0	7	0	1	0	1	0	0	21
Dermatology	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
Emergency Medicine	15	0	12	0	2	3	12	18	0	0	0	18	0	1	81
Endocrinology	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	5
Gastroenterology	6	0	1	0	1	1	1	4	0	0	0	1	0	1	16
General Medicine	15	0	10	0	2	15	43	35	0	1	1	23	0	3	148
General Surgery	21	0	6	0	2	11	35	55	1	1	0	8	1	4	145
Geriatric Medicine	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	2	0	0	7
Medical Oncology/ Hematology	3	0	2	0	3	1	10	14	0	1	0	5	1	1	41
Medicine Intensive Care Unit	23	0	2	0	0	10	5	24	0	0	5	14	1	6	90
Neonatology	2	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	5
Nephrology	3	0	2	0	1	3	4	12	0	0	0	6	0	1	32
Neurology	4	0	2	0	0	7	9	14	0	1	1	3	0	0	41
Neurosurgery	23	0	7	0	1	7	22	30	1	5	0	20	2	4	122
Obstetrics and Gynecology	3	0	2	0	0	6	3	18	0	0	0	3	0	1	36
Orthopedics	6	0	2	0	1	0	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	0	19
Otorhinolaryngology	9	0	1	0	0	1	0	9	0	0	0	6	0	2	28
Pediatric Surgery	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
Pediatrics	5	0	1	0	1	1	1	5	0	0	0	3	0	0	17
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	1	0	0	3
Pulmonary Medicine	25	0	1	0	1	7	6	16	0	0	1	3	0	2	62
Radiation Oncology	1	0	0	1	0	1	1	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	7
Surgical Gastroenterology	0	1	2	0	0	0	2	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Surgical Oncology	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	5	0	1	0	1	0	0	10
Trauma Surgery	14	0	0	2	4	4	18	37	0	4	1	15	1	2	102
Urology	5	0	5	0	1	3	6	11	0	1	0	11	0	0	43
Total	200	1	60	3	23	82	185	340	3	16	9	150	6	28	1106

Most common species: (1) Acinetobacter spp.: Acinetobacter baumannii; (2) Enterobacter spp.: Enterobacter cloacae; (3) Enterococcus spp.: Enterococcus faecium; (4) Klebsiella spp.: Klebsiella pneumoniae; (5) Proteus spp.: Proteus mirabilis; and (6) Staphylococcus spp.: Methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci.