Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2017.
World J Crit Care Med. Nov 4, 2017; 6(4): 179-184
Published online Nov 4, 2017. doi: 10.5492/wjccm.v6.i4.179
Table 1 Demographics and indications of bronchoscopy in patients
VariableOverall (n = 458)Propofol only (n = 337)Propofol ketamine (n = 121)P value
Age, yr5.0 (2.5, 9.1)5.6 (2.8, 9.8)3.4 (1.9, 6.6)< 0.0001
Age group, n (%)
Infant (< 12 mo)15 (3.3)6 (1.8)9 (7.4)< 0.0001
Toddler (1-3 yr)132 (28.8)84 (24.9)48 (39.7)
Child (4-17 yr)311 (67.9)247 (73.3)64 (52.9)
Weight (kg)18.1 (13.1, 31.8)20.0 (14.4, 33.0)14.7 (11.2, 26.0)< 0.0001
Female gender, n (%)198 (43.2)143 (42.4)55 (45.5)0.57
Diagnosis, n (%)
Cystic fibrosis38 (8.3)29 (8.6)9 (7.4)
Cough93 (20.3)62 (18.4)31 (25.6)0.38
Wheezing108 (23.6)87 (25.8)21 (17.4)
Stridor56 (12.2)41 (12.2)15 (12.4)
Pneumonia57 (12.4)42 (12.5)15 (12.4)
Tachypnea106 (23.1)76 (22.6)30 (24.8)
Table 2 Average doses, sedation times and adverse events
VariableOverall (n = 458)Propofol only (n = 337)Propofol ketamine (n = 121)P value
Propofol dose (mg/kg)4.1 (2.7, 5.6)4.2 (2.7, 5.6)3.7 (2.8, 5.2)0.3
Procedure time (min)10 (6, 15)10 (7, 12)10 (5, 15)0.3
Recovery time (min)25 (20, 30)25 (20, 30)25 (20, 35)0.63
Time to discharge (min)35 (30, 43)35 (30, 40)35 (30, 45)0.31
Respiratory events
Prophylactic use of O2 supplementation prior to bronchoscopy, n (%)423 (92.4)311 (92.3)112 (92.6)0.92
Hypoxemia, n (%)38 (8.3)29 (8.6)9 (7.4)0.69
BMV/significant desaturation1, n (%)0.58
Neither413 (91.2)302 (90.7)111 (92.5)
BMV + significant desaturation23 (5.1)16 (4.8)7 (5.8)
Significant desaturation only16 (3.5)14 (4.2)2 (1.7)
BMV use only1 (0.2)1 (0.3)0 (0)
Cardiac events
Start MBP77.7 (70.3, 86.7)78.3 (71.3, 86.3)76.3 (68.0, 88.7)0.58
End MBP70.3 (63.0, 78.7)71.0 (64.0, 79.3)68.7 (61.7, 76.3)0.04
Difference in MBP-7.5 (-17.0, 2.0)-6.7 (-16.0, 2.7)-8.7 (-19.0, 0.7)0.12
% Change MBP from start of procedure-9.8 (-20.0, 3.0)-9.2 (-18.8, 4.3)-10.5 (-22.8, 0.7)0.12
Blood pressure drop more than 20% from the baseline (hypotension)108 (23.6%)76 (22.6%)32 (26.4%)0.4
Table 3 Analysis of adverse events, propofol dose and sedation times in three age groups
VariableInfants (n = 15)Toddlers (n = 132)Children (n = 311)P value
Hypoxemia, n (%)7 (46.7)8 (6.1)23 (7.4)< 0.0001
Hypotension, n (%)2 (13.3)35 (26.5)71 (22.9)0.45
Propofol only regimen, n (%)6 (40.0)84 (63.6)247 (79.4)< 0.0001
Propofol dose (mg/kg)4.3 (2.4, 5.4)4.34 (3.3, 5.3)3.7 (2.5, 5.7)0.06
Recovery time (min)25 (15, 30)25 (20, 35)25 (20, 30)0.39
Procedure time (min)10 (7, 15)10 (5, 11.5)10 (8, 15)0.16
Time to discharge (min)35 (25, 40)35 (30, 45)35 (30, 40)0.56