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©The Author(s) 2017.
World J Crit Care Med. Nov 4, 2017; 6(4): 179-184
Published online Nov 4, 2017. doi: 10.5492/wjccm.v6.i4.179
Published online Nov 4, 2017. doi: 10.5492/wjccm.v6.i4.179
Table 1 Demographics and indications of bronchoscopy in patients
| Variable | Overall (n = 458) | Propofol only (n = 337) | Propofol ketamine (n = 121) | P value |
| Age, yr | 5.0 (2.5, 9.1) | 5.6 (2.8, 9.8) | 3.4 (1.9, 6.6) | < 0.0001 |
| Age group, n (%) | ||||
| Infant (< 12 mo) | 15 (3.3) | 6 (1.8) | 9 (7.4) | < 0.0001 |
| Toddler (1-3 yr) | 132 (28.8) | 84 (24.9) | 48 (39.7) | |
| Child (4-17 yr) | 311 (67.9) | 247 (73.3) | 64 (52.9) | |
| Weight (kg) | 18.1 (13.1, 31.8) | 20.0 (14.4, 33.0) | 14.7 (11.2, 26.0) | < 0.0001 |
| Female gender, n (%) | 198 (43.2) | 143 (42.4) | 55 (45.5) | 0.57 |
| Diagnosis, n (%) | ||||
| Cystic fibrosis | 38 (8.3) | 29 (8.6) | 9 (7.4) | |
| Cough | 93 (20.3) | 62 (18.4) | 31 (25.6) | 0.38 |
| Wheezing | 108 (23.6) | 87 (25.8) | 21 (17.4) | |
| Stridor | 56 (12.2) | 41 (12.2) | 15 (12.4) | |
| Pneumonia | 57 (12.4) | 42 (12.5) | 15 (12.4) | |
| Tachypnea | 106 (23.1) | 76 (22.6) | 30 (24.8) |
Table 2 Average doses, sedation times and adverse events
| Variable | Overall (n = 458) | Propofol only (n = 337) | Propofol ketamine (n = 121) | P value |
| Propofol dose (mg/kg) | 4.1 (2.7, 5.6) | 4.2 (2.7, 5.6) | 3.7 (2.8, 5.2) | 0.3 |
| Procedure time (min) | 10 (6, 15) | 10 (7, 12) | 10 (5, 15) | 0.3 |
| Recovery time (min) | 25 (20, 30) | 25 (20, 30) | 25 (20, 35) | 0.63 |
| Time to discharge (min) | 35 (30, 43) | 35 (30, 40) | 35 (30, 45) | 0.31 |
| Respiratory events | ||||
| Prophylactic use of O2 supplementation prior to bronchoscopy, n (%) | 423 (92.4) | 311 (92.3) | 112 (92.6) | 0.92 |
| Hypoxemia, n (%) | 38 (8.3) | 29 (8.6) | 9 (7.4) | 0.69 |
| BMV/significant desaturation1, n (%) | 0.58 | |||
| Neither | 413 (91.2) | 302 (90.7) | 111 (92.5) | |
| BMV + significant desaturation | 23 (5.1) | 16 (4.8) | 7 (5.8) | |
| Significant desaturation only | 16 (3.5) | 14 (4.2) | 2 (1.7) | |
| BMV use only | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) | |
| Cardiac events | ||||
| Start MBP | 77.7 (70.3, 86.7) | 78.3 (71.3, 86.3) | 76.3 (68.0, 88.7) | 0.58 |
| End MBP | 70.3 (63.0, 78.7) | 71.0 (64.0, 79.3) | 68.7 (61.7, 76.3) | 0.04 |
| Difference in MBP | -7.5 (-17.0, 2.0) | -6.7 (-16.0, 2.7) | -8.7 (-19.0, 0.7) | 0.12 |
| % Change MBP from start of procedure | -9.8 (-20.0, 3.0) | -9.2 (-18.8, 4.3) | -10.5 (-22.8, 0.7) | 0.12 |
| Blood pressure drop more than 20% from the baseline (hypotension) | 108 (23.6%) | 76 (22.6%) | 32 (26.4%) | 0.4 |
Table 3 Analysis of adverse events, propofol dose and sedation times in three age groups
| Variable | Infants (n = 15) | Toddlers (n = 132) | Children (n = 311) | P value |
| Hypoxemia, n (%) | 7 (46.7) | 8 (6.1) | 23 (7.4) | < 0.0001 |
| Hypotension, n (%) | 2 (13.3) | 35 (26.5) | 71 (22.9) | 0.45 |
| Propofol only regimen, n (%) | 6 (40.0) | 84 (63.6) | 247 (79.4) | < 0.0001 |
| Propofol dose (mg/kg) | 4.3 (2.4, 5.4) | 4.34 (3.3, 5.3) | 3.7 (2.5, 5.7) | 0.06 |
| Recovery time (min) | 25 (15, 30) | 25 (20, 35) | 25 (20, 30) | 0.39 |
| Procedure time (min) | 10 (7, 15) | 10 (5, 11.5) | 10 (8, 15) | 0.16 |
| Time to discharge (min) | 35 (25, 40) | 35 (30, 45) | 35 (30, 40) | 0.56 |
- Citation: Abulebda K, Abu-Sultaneh S, Ahmed SS, Moser EAS, McKinney RC, Lutfi R. Intensivist-based deep sedation using propofol for pediatric outpatient flexible bronchoscopy. World J Crit Care Med 2017; 6(4): 179-184
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3141/full/v6/i4/179.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5492/wjccm.v6.i4.179