Retrospective analysis of aspirin's role in the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia

Table 1 Distribution of clinical parameters based on aspirin intake

Patient characteristics		Aspirin		Total (n = 125)	χ2 value	P value
		Taking (n = 38)	Not taking aspirin (n = 87)
Warfarin	Yes	4	5	9	0.90	0.34
	Percentage (%)	3.2	4.0	7.2
	No	34	82	116
	Percentage (%)	27.2	65.6	92.8
Direct oral anticoagulants (NOAC)	Yes	6	9	15	0.74	0.38
	Percentage (%)	4.8	7.2	12.0
	No	32	78	110
	Percentage (%)	25.6	62.4	88.0
P2Y12 inhibitors	Yes	1	5	6	0.56	0.45
	Percentage (%)	0.8	4.0	4.8
	No	37	82	119
	Percentage (%)	29.6	65.6	95.2
Hypertension	Present	32	50	82	8.38	0.004a
	Percentage (%)	84.2	57.4	65.6
	Absent	6	37	43
	Percentage (%)	15.78	42.5	34.4
Hyperlipidemia	Present	30	49	79	5.82	0.016a
	Percentage (%)	78.9	56.32	63.2
	Absent	8	38	46
	Percentage (%)	21	43.6	36.8
Diabetes Mellitus	Present	18	23	41	5.25	0.022a
	Percentage (%)	47.36	26.4	32.8
	Absent	20	64	84
	Percentage (%)	52.6	73.5	67.2
Immunosuppression	Yes	3	4	7	0.54	0.46
	Percentage (%)	7.8	4.5	5.6
	No	35	83	118
	Percentage (%)	92.1	95.4	94.4
ICU admission	Admitted to ICU	9	38	47	4.50	0.034a
	Percentage (%)	23.6	43.67	37.6
	Remained on medical floors	29	49	78
	Percentage (%)	90.6	56.3	62.4
Intubation	Yes	5	21	26	1.93	0.16
	Percentage (%)	13.1	24.1	20.8
	No	33	66	99
	Percentage (%)	86.8	75.8	79.2
Outcome (survival)	Survived	26	66	92	0.75	0.38
	Percentage (%)	68.4	75.8	73.6
	Died	12	21	33
	Percentage (%)	31.5	24.1	26.4
PE/DVT	Present	2	1	3	1.91	0.16
	Percentage (%)	5.2	1.1	2.4
	Absent	36	86	122
	Percentage (%)	94.7	98.8	97.6
Oxygen use	Present	36	73	109	2.77	0.096
	Percentage (%)	94.7	83.9	87.2
	Absent	2	14	16
	Percentage (%)	5.2	16	12.8

^aP ≤ 0.05.

Table 2 Logistic regression result for progression to the intensive care unit

Characteristics	Regression coefficients	Standard error	χ2 (wald)	P value	Odds ratio	95%CI
Intercept	-0.45044	0.332171	1.838826	0.175089	0.637351
Aspirin	-1.00047	0.46281	4.67307	0.030639	0.367707	0.365575-2.269164
Warfarin	0.382791	0.733339	0.272467	0.601681	1.466372	0.179321-3.701697
NOAC’s	-0.15984	0.616872	0.067143	0.795543	0.852277	0.22984-2.520831
P2Y12 inhibitors	1.098044	0.908435	1.461005	0.22677	2.998296	0.142169-5.14458
HTN	0.213851	0.424561	0.253712	0.614473	1.238438	0.259028-1.790559
DM	0.018183	0.432623	0.001767	0.966474	1.01835	0.187667-1.05208

NOAC’s: Novel oral anticoagulants; HTN: Hypertension; DM: Diabetes mellitus.

Table 3 Logistic regression results for need for mechanical ventilation

Characteristics	Regression coefficients	Standard error	χ2 (wald)	P value	Odds ratio	95%CI
Intercept	-1.22056	0.389142	9.83799	0.001709	0.295063
Aspirin	-0.83593	0.566163	2.179995	0.139815	0.433472	0.142903-1.31486
Warfarin	0.1583	0.859459	0.033924	0.853868	1.171517	0.217358-6.314246
NOACs	-0.54597	0.812938	0.451048	0.501838	0.57928	0.117737-2.850114
P2Y12 inhibitors	-0.42413	1.139528	0.138534	0.709742	0.654336	0.070118-6.106168
HTN	0.22629	0.500756	0.20421	0.651344	1.253939	0.469929-3.345963
DM	0.020291	0.510762	0.001578	0.968312	1.020498	0.375017-2.776985

NOAC’s: Novel oral anticoagulants; HTN: Hypertension; DM: Diabetes mellitus.

Table 4 Logistic regression results for survival outcomes

Characteristics	Regression coefficients	Standard error	χ2 (wald)	P value	Odds ratio	95%CI
Intercept	1.689138	0.422469	15.98599	6.38E-05	5.41481
Aspirin	-0.07596	0.456833	0.027651	0.867932	0.926849	0.378575-2.269164
Warfarin	-0.20489	0.772302	0.070384	0.790778	0.814735	0.179321-3.701697
NOACs	-0.27293	0.610988	0.199538	0.655094	0.761148	0.229824-2.520831
P2Y12 inhibitors	-0.1564	0.915497	0.029184	0.864355	0.855219	0.142169-5.14458
HTN	-0.38415	0.49321	0.606636	0.436057	0.681032	01.790559
DM	-0.81116	0.439766	3.402248	0.065108	0.444344	1.05208

NOAC’s: Novel oral anticoagulants; HTN: Hypertension; DM: Diabetes mellitus.