Female gonadal hormone effects on microglial activation and functional outcomes in a mouse model of moderate traumatic brain injury

Figure 1 Ratio of inflammatory gene expression in experimental male and female mice. Since the ratio is a male/female value, genes with a ratio of less than one are genes that are less expressed in male mice and genes with ratios of greater than two are more expressed in male mice. Genes with ratios close to one are evenly expressed between both sexes.

Figure 2 Short- and long-term neurobehavioral measurements after mild traumatic injury in mice. Rotarod latencies (A) were not different over Days 1-7 after moderate traumatic brain injury (MTBI) (P = 0.62; ANOVA). Significant water maze (WM) latencies (B) differences were demonstrated between groups over Days 28-31 after MTBI. WM latencies did not differ between male and female mice after MTBI, but ovariectomized mice demonstrated longer latencies over the testing period (P = 0.04; ANOVA).

Figure 3 Water maze latencies for sham male, female and ovariectomized mice. No sex interaction was seen between male, female, and ovariectomized (OVX) mice over Days 28-31 after moderate traumatic brain injury, thus no significant sex differences are observed for shams.