Opinion Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Crit Care Med. Jun 9, 2025; 14(2): 101587
Published online Jun 9, 2025. doi: 10.5492/wjccm.v14.i2.101587
Figure 1
Figure 1 Schematic diagram showing immune dysregulation in liver failure patients. Acute insult results not only in systemic inflammation, but also compensatory anti-inflammatory response which leads to immune paralysis and heightened susceptibility to bacterial infection. ALF: Acute liver failure; ACLF: Acute-on-chronic liver failure; CLD: Chronic liver disease; CARS: Compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome; SIRS: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome; IL: Interleukin; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; TGF: Transforming growth factor.