Exploring the relationship between gut microbial ecology and inflammatory disease: An insight into health and immune function

Table 1 Distribution of microbes in different organs

Site	Cell count	pO2 in mmHg	pH	Presence of microbes
Oral cavity	109	83-113	6.2-7.5	Streptococcus, Haemophilus, Prevotella, Veillonela, Gemella Neisseria
Stomach	103-104	60-77	1.5-3	Streptococcus, Prevotella, Helicobacter, Gemella
Duodenum	103-104	5.6-8	6	Bacteroides, Clostridium, Streptococcus
Jejunum	103-104	10-34	5.7-7.5
Ileum	108	10-34	5.7-7.5
Colon	1011	0.5-11	6.7-8.5	Bacteroides, Prevotella Ruminococcus

Table 2 Longitudinal distribution of gut microbes in the human gastrointestinal tract with respect to the pO₂ and pH of different regions

Gastrointestinal tract	Prevalence in human	Prevalence in mouse
Stomach	Cardiac, fundic, body, pylorus, pH-1.5 to 3.5	Fore stomach, body, pylorus, pH-3 to 4
Small intestine	6 m, pH-6.4 to 7.3	350 mm, pH-4.7 to 5.2
Colon	Ascending, transcending and descending colon, pH-6.7	Undivided, No fermentation, pH-4.4 to 5.0

Table 3 Representation of the diversity of micro- and myco-biome in both human and mice gut

Type of gut micro- and myco-biome	Humans	Mice
Microbiome	Faecalibacterium, Mitsuokellla, Megasphera, Dialister, Asteroleplasma, Succinivibrio, Sutterella, Paraprevotella and Phascolarctobacterium	Mucispirillum
Mycobiome	Candida, Malassezia, Saccharomyces, Cladosporium	Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytriodiomycota, Zygomycota