Role of interleukin-1-family cytokines on effector CD4 T cell differentiation

Figure 1 Effect of interleukin-1 family members on effector CD4 T cell differentiation. A: Interleukin (IL)-18 promotes Th1 cell proliferation and survival, and production of IFNγ; B: IL-33 enhances Th2 cell differentiation and function, notably because of IL-33 driven increase of Th2-derived cytokines IL-5 and IL-13; C: IL-1β critically supports Th17 cell differentiation by maintaining the expression of IRF4 and RORγt, two key transcription factors necessary for Th17 cell development and functions; D: IL-1β enhances the expression of IRF1 in differentiating Th9 cells, leading to enhanced differentiation and effector functions of Th9 cells.