Copyright
©The Author(s) 2015.
World J Clin Pediatr. Nov 8, 2015; 4(4): 126-134
Published online Nov 8, 2015. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v4.i4.126
Published online Nov 8, 2015. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v4.i4.126
Table 1 Basic characteristics of children with B19 encephalitis and encephalopathy
Case No. | Ref. | Age | Gender | Diagnosis | Underlying disorders | Immunodeficiency |
1 | [16] | 8 yr | M | Encephalitis | - | |
2 | [17] | 9 mo | M | Encephalitis | - | |
3 | [19,20] | 5 yr | F | Encephalitis | - | |
4 | [23,24] | 2 mo | F | Encephalitis | - | |
5 | [23,24] | 2 yr | M | Encephalitis | Acute lymphocytic leukemia | + |
6 | [23,24] | 2 yr | F | Encephalitis | - | |
7 | [23,24] | 6 yr | F | Encephalitis | Cockayne syndrome | + |
8 | [23,24] | 9 yr | M | Encephalitis | - | |
9 | [23,24] | 13 yr | F | Encephalitis | Crigler-Najar syndrome | - |
10 | [23,34] | 13 yr | M | Encephalitis | - | |
11 | [23,34] | 15 yr | F | Encephalitis | - | |
12 | [23,24] | 1 d | F | Encephalitis | Necrotizing enterocolitis Patent ductus arteriosus Respiratory distress syndrome | + |
13 | [23,24] | 1 d | F | Encephalitis | Ventricular septal defect Atrial septal defect Patent ductus arteriosus Turner syndrome Obstructive jaundice | + |
14 | [25] | 8 yr | F | Encephalitis | Sickle cell disease Nephrotic syndrome | + |
15 | [25] | 8 yr | M | Encephalitis | Sickle cell disease Nephrotic syndrome | + |
16 | [25] | 12 yr | F | Encephalitis | Sickle cell disease Aplastic crisis | + |
17 | [25] | 14 yr | M | Encephalitis | Sickle cell disease Aplastic crisis | + |
18 | [27] | 10 yr | F | Encephalitis | - | |
19 | [28] | 9 yr | M | Encephalitis | Nephropathic cystinosis Renal transplant | + |
20 | [30] | 4 yr | F | Encephalitis | - | |
21 | [31] | 5 yr | F | Encephalitis and cerebellitis | - | |
22 | [18] | 8 yr | F | Encephalopathy | - | |
23 | [19] | 5 yr | F | Encephalopathy | - | |
24 | [21] | 5 yr | M | Encephalopathy | - | |
25 | [22] | 4 yr | M | Encephalopathy | Prader-Willi syndrome | - |
26 | [26] | 13 yr | F | Encephalopathy | Sβ + thalassemia | + |
27 | [9] | 8 yr | F | Chorea encephalopathy | - | |
28 | [10] | 1 yr | M | Chorea encephalopathy | - | |
29 | [11] | 1 yr | M | Chorea encephalopathy | - | |
30 | [11] | 1 yr | F | Chorea encephalopathy | - | |
31 | [29] | 9 yr | F | MERS | Hereditary spherocytosis | - |
32 | [12] | 11 yr | M | MERS | Hereditary spherocytosis | - |
33 | [12] | 10 yr | M | MERS | Hereditary spherocytosis | - |
34 | [13] | 9 yr | F | PRES | Acute glomerulonephritis | - |
Table 2 Clinical manifestations of children with B19 encephalitis and encephalopathy
Case | B19 related symptoms | Neurological manifestations | Complications | Sequelae or death | ||||
No. | Fever | Rash | Arthralgia | Unconsciousness | Seizure | Focal neurologic signs | ||
1 | + | + | + | + | - | +Neurogenic bladder | Left weakness and clonus | |
2 | + | - | - | + | + | - | Psychomotor retardation | |
3 | + | + | - | + | + | - | Status epilepticus | Epilepsy Mental retardation |
4 | + | - | - | + | + | - | - | |
5 | + | - | - | + | - | - | Cognitive deficit | |
6 | + | - | - | + | - | +Ataxia | - | |
7 | - | - | - | + | - | - | Multiple organ failure Acute renal failure | Died |
8 | - | - | - | + | + | - | Cognitive deficit Epilepsy | |
9 | - | - | - | + | - | - | Not determined | |
10 | - | - | - | + | - | + Right hemiparesis Ataxia | - | |
11 | - | - | - | + | - | - | Cognitive deficit | |
12 | - | - | - | + | - | - | Died | |
13 | - | - | - | + | - | - | Died | |
14 | - | - | - | + | + | + Right hemiparesis Transient blindness | Acute renal failure Aplastic crisis Acute chest syndrome | - |
15 | - | - | - | + | + | + Cortical blindness | Acute renal failure Aplastic crisis Acute chest syndrome | - |
16 | + | - | - | + | + | + Focal seizures | Acute renal failure Acute chest syndrome | - |
17 | + | - | - | + | + | - | - | |
18 | + | - | - | + | + | - | Status epilepticus | Epilepsy |
19 | - | - | + | + | + | - | - | |
20 | + | - | - | + | + | + Cerebellar syndrome | Cerebellar syndrome | |
21 | + | + | - | + | + | - | Cerebellar syndrome | |
22 | - | - | + | + | + | - | - | |
23 | - | + | - | + | + | - | - | |
24 | - | - | - | + | - | - | Pancytopenia Liver dysfunction | - |
25 | - | - | - | + | - | - | Spastic quadriplegia | |
26 | + | - | - | + | - | - | Aplastic crisis | - |
27 | - | - | - | + | - | + Chorea | - | |
28 | - | - | - | + | - | + Chorea | - | |
29 | - | - | - | + | + | + Left hemiparesis Athetosis | - | |
30 | - | - | - | + | + | + Left hemiparesis Choreo-athetosis | Global developmental delay | |
31 | + | + | - | + | - | - | Aplastic crisis Pancytopenia | - |
32 | + | - | - | + | - | - | Aplastic crisis HLH Pancytopenia | - |
33 | + | - | - | + | - | - | Aplastic crisis HLH Pancytopenia | - |
34 | + | + | - | + | + | + Loss of vision | Transient SLE symptoms Hypertension | - |
Table 3 Laboratory data and treatment of children with B19 encephalitis and encephalopathy
Case | Anemia | Serum B19 markers | CSF B19 markers | CSF | IVIG | |||||
No. | IgM | IgG | DNA | IgM | IgG | DNA | Pleocytosis | Increased protein | and/or steroids | |
1 | - | + | - | - | ||||||
2 | - | - | + | - | ||||||
3 | - | + | + | + | - | + | + | - | ||
4 | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | IVIG | ||
5 | + | - | - | - | - | - | ||||
6 | + | - | - | + | - | - | - | |||
7 | - | - | - | + | - | |||||
8 | + | + | - | + | - | - | + | - | ||
9 | - | + | - | |||||||
10 | - | + | - | - | ||||||
11 | - | + | + | - | ||||||
12 | + | + | - | + | + | - | + | - | ||
13 | + | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | ||
14 | + | + | + | + | + | - | ||||
15 | + | + | + | + | + | - | ||||
16 | + | + | + | + | + | - | ||||
17 | + | + | + | + | + | - | ||||
18 | - | + | - | - | - | + | + | IVIG and steroids | ||
19 | + | + | + | + | + | - | ||||
20 | - | - | - | + | - | - | + | + | - | IVIG and steroids |
21 | - | + | + | + | + | + | + | Steroids | ||
22 | + | + | + | + | - | - | ||||
23 | - | + | + | + | + | - | + | - | ||
24 | + | + | + | + | + | - | + | - | ||
25 | - | + | + | + | - | - | + | + | + | - |
26 | + | + | + | - | - | - | - | - | Steroids | |
27 | + | + | + | - | - | - | ||||
28 | - | + | + | + | - | - | IVIG and steroids | |||
29 | - | + | - | - | ||||||
30 | + | + | - | + | - | - | ||||
31 | + | - | + | + | + | - | - | Steroids | ||
32 | + | - | - | IVIG | ||||||
33 | + | - | - | IVIG | ||||||
34 | + | + | + | + | + | - | - | - |
- Citation: Watanabe T, Kawashima H. Acute encephalitis and encephalopathy associated with human parvovirus B19 infection in children. World J Clin Pediatr 2015; 4(4): 126-134
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2219-2808/full/v4/i4/126.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v4.i4.126