Visceral adiposity index, cardiorespiratory fitness, and fasting plasma glucose associations in adolescents

doi:10.5409/wjcp.v13.i4.97105

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Dec 9, 2024 (publication date) through Oct 31, 2024

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics

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World J Clin Pediatr. Dec 9, 2024; 13(4): 97105
Published online Dec 9, 2024. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v13.i4.97105

Table 1 General characteristics of participants stratified by type 2 diabetes risk versus cardiorespiratory fitness status (n = 403)

Variable	Healthy FPG (n = 341)			Unhealthy FPG (n = 62)
Variable	Low fit (n = 153)	High fit (n = 188)	Total (n = 341)	Low fit (n = 45)	High fit (n = 17)	Total (n = 62)
Girls	74 (21.7)	97 (28.4)	171 (50.1)	22 (35.5)	8 (12.9)	30 (48.4)
Boys	79 (23.2)	91 (26.6)	170 (49.9)	23 (37.1)	9 (14.5)	32 (51.6)
Age (year)	15.7 ± 1.9	13.8 ± 2.1	14.5 ± 2.2	15.3 ± 2.2	14.6 ± 2.4	15.5 ± 2.3
Body mass (kg)	56.0 ± 12.6	51.9 ± 11.3	53.4 ± 12.0	46.7 ± 15.1	51.5 ± 11.6	52.0 ± 14.0
Stature (cm)	160.4 ± 9.5	161.6 ± 9.1	160.7 ± 9.3	152.8 ± 10.7	158.5 ± 11.9	158.7 ± 11.2
BMI (kg/m²)	21.7 ± 3.5	19.7 ± 3.4	20.6 ± 3.5	20.3 ± 3.9	20.2 ± 2.3	20.3 ± 3.5
Fat (%)	16.6 ± 7.9	14.7 ± 5.6	15.6 ± 6.7	16.0 ± 8.7	14.1 ± 5.8	15.1 ± 8.2
WC (cm)	71.5 ± 8.8	60.6 ± 5.2	64.9 ± 8.7	67.6 ± 8.4	64.9 ± 7.4	69.2 ± 8.3
HDL-C (mmol)	1.3 ± 0.3	1.4 ± 0.4	1.3 ± 0.4	1.3 ± 0.3	1.1 ± 0.4	1.2 ± 0.4
TG (mmol)	1.2 ± 0.7	0.9 ± 0.6	1.0 ± 1.0	1.1 ± 0.4	0.9 ± 0.4	1.0 ± 0.4
FPG (mmol)	5.0 ± 0.4	4.7 ± 0.5	4.8 ± 0.5	6.2 ± 0.5	5.9 ± 0.8	6.1 ± 0.6
VAI	1.5 ± 0.5	1.0 ± 0.2	1.2 ± 2.2	1.4 ± 0.9	1.0 ± 0.5	1.3 ± 0.9
20-MST (lap)	20.8 ± 9.1	43.8 ± 13.6	33.6 ± 16.8	17.2 ± 7.0	50.6 ± 15.9	26.8 ± 15.0

BMI: Body mass index; WC: Waist circumference; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose VAI: Visceral adiposity index; 20-MST: Multistage shuttle run test.

Table 2 General characteristics of participants stratified by type 2 diabetes risk versus visceral adiposity index status (n = 403)

Variable	Healthy FPG (n = 341)			Unhealthy FPG (n = 62)
Variable	Low VAI (n = 157)	High VAI (n = 184)	Total (n = 341)	Low VAI (n = 18)	High VAI (n = 44)	Total (n = 62)
Girls	60 (18.0)	111 (32.6)	171 (50.1)	10 (16.1)	20 (32.3)	30 (48.4)
Boys	97 (28.4)	73 (21.4)	170 (49.9)	8 (12.9)	24 (38.7)	32 (51.6)
Age (year)	13.9 ± 2.2	15.3 ± 2.1	14.5 ± 2.2	14.2 ± 2.0	15.0 ± 3.0	15.5 ± 2.3
Body mass (kg)	52.5 ± 12.2	54.8 ± 11.2	53.4 ± 12.0	51.4 ± 18.1	47.0 ± 12.1	52.0 ± 14.0
Stature (cm)	160.8 ± 10.5	161.2 ± 8.2	160.7 ± 9.3	155.3 ± 13.5	154.1 ± 8.3	158.7 ± 11.2
BMI (kg/m²)	20.1 ± 3.5	21.0 ± 3.5	20.6 ± 3.5	20.7 ± 4.4	19.4 ± 3.0	20.3 ± 3.5
Fat (%)	15.0 ± 6.6	16.0 ± 6.8	15.6 ± 6.7	17.5 ± 10.9	14.6 ± 6.4	15.1 ± 8.2
WC (cm)	61.3 ± 6.1	69.1 ± 9.2	64.9 ± 8.7	62.6 ± 7.2	68.6 ± 7.9	69.2 ± 8.3
HDL-C (mmol)	1.5 ± 0.4	1.2 ± 0.4	1.3 ± 0.4	1.7 ± 0.3	1.1 ± 0.3	1.2 ± 0.4
TG (mmol)	0.7 ± 0.2	1.3 ± 0.3	1.0 ± 1.0	0.7 ± 0.4	1.2 ± 0.1	1.0 ± 0.4
FPG (mmol)	4.8 ± 0.4	4.9 ± 0.6	4.8 ± 0.5	6.1 ± 0.2	6.1 ± 0.3	6.1 ± 0.6
VAI	0.5 ± 0.1	1.8 ± 0.8	1.2 ± 2.2	0.5 ± 0.1	1.6 ± 0.9	1.3 ± 0.9
20-MST (lap)	41.0 ± 16.5	26.6 ± 13.1	33.6 ± 16.8	34.4 ± 23.1	23.0 ± 10.1	26.8 ± 16.9

Table 3 Partial correlation coefficients assessing the relationship among visceral adiposity index, cardiorespiratory fitness and fasting plasma glucose and other health indices after controlling for age and maturity status (n = 403)

Gender	VAI	CRF	BMI	WC	HDL-C	TG	MRS
Girls	0.031	-0.030	0.011	0.047	0.032	0.008	0.316^b
Boys	0.185^a	-0.183^a	0.028	0.341^b	-0.065	0.180^a	0.640^b

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01. VAI: Visceral adiposity index; CRF: Cardiorespiratory fitness; BMI: Body mass index; WC: Waist circumference; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; MRS: Metabolic risk score.

Table 4 Standardized regression coefficients evaluating the relationship among visceral adiposity index, cardiorespiratory fitness and fasting plasma glucose after controlling for age and maturity status (n = 403)

Variable	Girls (n = 201)				Boys (n = 202)
Variable	Crude	P value	Adjusted	P value	Crude	P value	Adjusted	P value
VAI	0.031	0.655	0.029	0.679	0.190	0.009	0.165	0.023
CRF	-0.032	0.679	-.029	0.704	-0.206	0.010	-0.178	0.025

VAI: Visceral adiposity index; CRF: Cardiorespiratory fitness.

Citation: Musa DI, Okuneye RO, Momoh JI, Darma MH, Onoja-Alexander MO, Mwangi FM. Visceral adiposity index, cardiorespiratory fitness, and fasting plasma glucose associations in adolescents. World J Clin Pediatr 2024; 13(4): 97105
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2219-2808/full/v13/i4/97105.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v13.i4.97105